1. CREATING CHANGE IN EUROPE : SPARC EUROPE AND SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING Frederick J. Friend SPARC Senior Consultant f.friend@ucl.ac.uk

2. WHY CHANGE? Rise in journal prices restricting access to scholarship (N.B. “Big Deals” only improve access to the titles included). Access restricted not only for scientific and medical users but also for humanities and social sciences as journal publishers use higher proportion of budgets Small publishers threatened by dominance of major publishers Future access uncertain because dependent upon publishers’ archiving and pricing policies Access restricted across the globe : a problem for rich and poor countries alike Restricted access works against world-wide growing need for information as the driver for economic and social development

3. TODAY’S REALITY : THE EFFECT OF JOURNAL PRICES IN THE US AND THE UK

4. THE VISION OF TOMORROW’S REALITY “An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds. Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.” Budapest Open Access Initiative http://www.soros.org/openaccess/http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

5. LOOKING FOR A BETTER WAY Library consortia : achieve wider access to big packages of journals E-print services : successful for research literature in some subjects Open Archives Initiative : harvesting metadata in order to improve access Public Library of Science : author power Budapest Open Access Initiative : funding to achieve change through author-archiving or alternative journals SPARC : Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Initiative www.arl.org/sparc/: particular contribution to create change is to raise awareness and promote alternative journals and business models

6. ADVANTAGES OF THE SPARC APPROACH All stakeholders involved and their interests considered Good features of present system retained - e.g. quality, reliability Committed to open access Experimentation with change in real situations Start-up risks in introducing change reduced Economics of publishing not ignored but not allowed to over-ride vision Advocacy linked to action – not just talk of change Success already demonstrated

7. WHAT IS SPARC EUROPE? Co-operation between SPARC Washington and European organizations had grown to a high level Meeting in London February 2001 set up SPARC Europe “SPARC Europe is an alliance of European research libraries, library organizations and research institutions that supports increased competition in scientific journal publishing.” “SPARC Europe will collaborate with the international SPARC organization based in Washington, DC, but will develop Europe-focused initiatives under the direction of a European managing board and a Europe-based program officer.” Supported by LIBER, JISC, CURL, SCONUL, UKB, IWI, ANKOS and a number of individual institutions Recent appointment of SPARC Europe Director Action plan on web-site www.sparceurope.org

8. SOME SPARC EUROPE ACTIONS Raising awareness amongst academic authors and users: leaflets and workshops to stimulate thought and action Encouraging institution-based repositories of copies of journal articles written by academic staff: “good practice” to be identified on SPARC Europe web-site Providing information about alternative journals: links from SPARC Europe web-site Supporting open access initiatives : Open Archives Initiative (October Workshop in Geneva) and Budapest Open Access Initiative (developing new business models). Supporting new journals committed to low-cost or open access: encourage libraries to buy when publishers change their policies.

9. BEING PREPARED TO COMMIT TO CHANGE The problems in access to academic journals will not be solved unless those who are looking for change are prepared to take action. SPARC began in the US because universities were not only prepared to talk about change but to commit money to bring about change. In other countries, we cannot leave it to the US to take action: if we want change we have to make our own commitment of time or money. We are looking for a “SPARC champion” in every country in Europe to send a letter to university Rectors and tell us about local needs for SPARC action

10. PLEASE HELP TO MAKE THE VISION OF BETTER ACCESS TO JOURNALS A REALITY SOONER RATHER THAN LATER! Thank you for listening - but please take action as well as listen! Join SPARC Europe if you are not already a member, talk about these issues to your colleagues and support open access journals.