1. LARGE CITIES UNDER STRESS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2. Three distinct groupings of large city regions A) National/Global Metropolises: 1) The Greater Toronto/Oshawa Area 5.2 million 2) The Greater Montreal Region 3.6 million 3) Greater Vancouver & the Fraser valley 2.3 million B) Emerging National Centres: 4) Ottawa-Gatineau (ON-PQ) 1.2 million 5) Calgary and environs 1.1 million 6) The Edmonton Region 1.05 million C) Mid-size Metropolitan Regions: 7) Quebec City region 0.7 million 8) Winnipeg region0.7 million 9) Hamilton region 0.7 million

3. LARGE CITIES UNDER STRESS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

4. Data Sources 1)Rankings exercises generated by private consultants, including magazine surveys 2)Data gathered by regional authorities or large municipal governments for the purpose of direct comparison with competing cities 3)Academic research on the nature of urbanization and globalization 4)Government and NGO sustainability indicator projects

5. EACCC’s Four Pillars of Sustainability Economic - prosperity & earnings, connectivity, innovation, business costs Social - quality of life measures, cost of living, education, health care Cultural - immigrant population, cultural infrastructure, cultural industries, city brand value Environmental - air quality, automobile dependence

6. GDP Rankings for Selected North American Cities, 2003 CityGDP per capita (USD) Rank (out of 26) Boston51,4051 San Francisco50,5642 Toronto36,00222 Miami33,12323 Ottawa32,37024 Vancouver29,83325 Montreal29,13926 Source: CMM 2004

7. Business Costs for Selected Global Cities, 2004 CityCost Index (US avg = 100) Rank (out of 98) Quebec City89.15 Edmonton89.26 Adelaide90.410 Winnipeg90.511 Montreal91.314 Calgary91.415 Source: KPMG 2004

8. Business Costs for Selected Global Cities, 2004 (cont’d) CityCost Index (US avg = 100) Rank (out of 98) Ottawa92.017 Melbourne92.118 Toronto93.220 Vancouver93.621 New York109.891 London115.193 Source: KPMG 2004

9. Quality of Life Rankings for Selected Global Cities, 2005 CityMercer HR ranking (out of 144) EIU ranking (out of 127) Geneva12 Zurich15 Vancouver31 Vienna32 Melbourne162 Toronto165 Ottawa20n/a Montreal225 Calgary2516 Source: Mercer HR & EIU, 2005

10. Quality Rankings for Selected Universities, 2005 UniversityTimes Higher (out of 200) Shanghai Jiao Tong (out of 500) Harvard11 M.I.T.25 Cambridge32 Stanford53 McGill2461 U of Toronto2924 U.B.C.3836 McMaster18490 Source: Ince 2005; Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2005

11. Immigration Index Issued for Selected Global Cities, 2004 CityImmigration IndexRanking (out of 116) New York2.111 Toronto1.922 Dubai1.893 Los Angeles1.794 Vancouver1.087 Montreal0.4917 Calgary0.3023 Chicago0.2526 Ottawa0.2127 Edmonton0.1928 Source: Benton-Short et al. 2004

12. Anholt-GMI City Brands Ranking, Selected Global Cities, 2005 Source: Anholt-GMI 2005 CityRanking (out of 30) London1 Paris2 Sydney3 Rome4 New York7 Toronto12

13. Air Quality Rankings for Selected Global Cities, 2005 Source: Baldasano et al. 2003 CityParticulate Matter (out of 108) Nitrogen Oxide (out of 197) Vancouver1160 Melbourne56 Toronto15149 Paris29125 New York38175 London61145 Ottawan/a22 Montrealn/a72

14. Transport Infrastructure Investment, EIU Top-Rated Cities, 1993-1997 Source: Scheurer et al. 2005 CityRoad : Public Transport Investment Rank of Ratio (out of 14) Vienna0.41 Sydney1.52 Oslo1.53 Melbourne3.610 Toronto4.211 Montreal4.712 Vancouver5.413 Geneva7.914

15. LARGE CITIES UNDER STRESS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES