1. Chapter 7 Section 3 Social and Religious Life

2. Social Changes Mobile Society- where people are moving from place to place -not just from one place to another but also social classes 2 Effects: 1. White people had massive opportunity because they could move to make $. 2. High suicide and drunkenness because they are alone.

3. New Rules for Courtship and Marriage Women had uncertainty about others due to the changing world This made marriage, the one decision they had some control of, hard Women got guidance from books, mostly moralizing novels (Charlotte Temple) These showed women to be morally strong and appearances do not provide enough clues to a person’s character

4. Courtship With these novels and the time women became increasingly cautious about marriage Courtship (time when you become acquainted before committing themselves) became common This wasn’t only a time of getting to know each other but was also to negotiate their future Marriage was very important because it was a matter of survival. There were very few decent employment opportunities for women

5. Second Great Awakening Many churches received government aid but this was declining due to the lack of church membership In the 1800’s, the pressure of the changing society created an increase The Second Great Awakening (the great religious movement of the 1800’s) happened It began in KY and TN

6. Second Great Awakening An evangelical (emotionally powerful preaching) movement that had 3 parts 1. Scripture is the final authority 2. Salvation achieved through personnel belief in Jesus 3. Faith by living a changed life and doing good deeds Anyone could go and be saved This usually happened at revivals (where people are “revived” and brought back to religion)

7. Second Great Awakening (Denominations) Many denominations (religious subgroups) experienced growth The US had more denominations than any other nation Baptist: Got their name about being baptized or a ceremony when a person is made a member of the church Only allowed when you're old enough to understand Fully immersed in water instead of being sprinkled 2 nd Great Awakening helped them grow due to evangelistic beliefs and revival atmospheres

8. Second Great Awakening (Denominations) Methodists Largest denomination in the US during 2 nd Great Awakening 4 Causes 1.Focused on personal relationship with God instead of religious documents that may be hard to understand 2.Preachers had many things in common with their congregation 3.Spread their message by “circus riders” who were traveling ministers who spread the word 4.Had many camp meetings (revivals)

9. Second Great Awakening (Denominations) Unitarians Jesus was not divine, only a human messenger Saw God as a loving father, not a stern judge Faith that is moderate and calm Were on Earth to improve ourselves Mormons Joseph Smith produced a book that was a translation of a book on gold plates given to him by an angel God was looking for a truer church without ministers Not only in the Holy Land but in North America

10. Second Great Awakening (Denominations) Millenmialists Leaders believed Earth was being lead into the millennium, or Earth's final 1,000 years of glory before judgment William Miller determined through the Bible that Jesus would return in 1843 This second coming was called Advant He preached only people who knew and believed would go to heaven After 1843 he changed the date to 10/27/1844- still nothing happened

11. Women in the Awakening Women were very active Women were thought to be lonely and unhappy with life on the frontier They had a way to connect with others through religion – their “beloved sisters” Few actually preached and took leadership roles Got some power but it was indirect – they helped pick their minister

12. African American Worship Methodist and other evangelical churches mixed black and white traditions They both also sang spirituals (folk hymns) African Americans sometimes felt unwelcomed in white churches In one church African Americans were asked to move to the top, they refused and left the church and created their own place of worship 16 more were created to help blacks who felt their “souls were at risk”