1. Clara María Mollá Muñoz. PFG_T31 17-July,2013

2. 1. Introduction. Sustainable architecture The strategies are focused on energy efficiency. Reduce environmental negative impact of the industry.

3. 1. Introduction. Factors to be setting back the progress towards sustainability. Lack of information. Financial crisis. Economic and ecological efficient product.

4. History of LCA.  First period: 1970-1990 Decades of conception.  Second period: 1990-2000 Decades of standardization.  ISO 14040(2006): Principles and framework.  ISO 14011(2006): Requirements and guidelines. ISO- “Environmental management” LCA.  Widely diverging approaches.  Terminologies.  Results. Philosophy Cradle to Cradle: Mimic the nature

5. What is LCA? A technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of products life.

6. Life cycle phases for buildings.

7. Steps in a LCA.  Step 1. Goal and scope definition.

8. Steps in a LCA.  Step 2. Inventory analysis.

9. Steps in a LCA.  Step 3. Impact assessment. Four sub-steps: Category definition. Classification. Characterization. Weighting.

10. Steps in a LCA.  Step 4. Interpretation.

11. Environmental impacts.  Global warming potential.  Acidification potential.

12. Environmental impacts.  Eutrophication potential.  Fossil fuel depletion.

13. Environmental impacts.  Smog formation potential.  Ozone depletion potential.

14. 2. Methodologies and comparing.  Cradle to Cradle. Extraction raw materials End of life Use Transport and construction Disposal-Recycle-Re-use Cradle to Cradle Cradle to Grave Pre - use Manufacture Cradle to Gate  Gate to Gate: Partial LCA that examines only one value-added process.

15. 2. Methodologies and comparing.  Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED).  Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES): LCA technique. Embodied energy. CO2 Footprint. Energy and water efficient. Indoor environmental quality. Environmental friendly. Sustainable sites.

16. 2. Methodologies and comparing.  LEED: evaluates the building altogether.  Cradle to Cradle: evaluates the materials individually. LEED & C2C: both are certification. Many parameters take into account are irrelevant for this assessment. Is focused in energy efficiency. Focused in LCA of the materials, but is a rigid approach to the LCA. “No waste, waste is food”

17. 2. Methodologies and comparing. CES & C2C: is concern about the energy used during the manufacturing, re-use and recycling process. CES & LEED: evaluation of the impact of the resources used throughout the life of the buildings. CES is the most suited for our project. Embodied energy and CO2 footprint parameters in each phase.

18. 3. Examples of application.  Methodology process: To analyze the LCA of the construction materials. Two examples: Standard House (SH) and Energy Efficient House (EEH). Calculating the embodied energy and CO2 footprint of this materials in each phase of building construction. Calculating the thermal transmittance of the building envelope in both examples and estimate the energy used in the use phase. Compare and evaluate the results of the assessment.

19. 3. Examples of application.  Omissions: Concrete foundation. Furniture.(except bathroom) Municipal services. Worker transportation and their CO2 footprint. The maintenance. External infrastructure.  EEH major strategies: Reduce the embodied energy and CO2 footprint. Lowering the life cycle energy consumption.

20. 3. Examples of application. Aerated concrete blocks Bamboo Ecological system window Plastic tile Thermic paint

21. 3. Examples of application. Comparing results.  Life Cycle Mass Assessment: SH 291,6 Tonnes EEH 126,9 Tonnes  EEH reduce approximately 55% of mass.

22. 3. Examples of application. Comparing results.  Life Cycle Energy Assessment: embodied energy. Pre-use and end of life:  EEH reduce approximately 80% of embodied energy in the pre-use phase.

23. 3. Examples of application. Comparing results.  Life Cycle Energy Assessment: Pre-use  Transport.  EEH reduce approximately 90% in the energy consumption and CO2 footprint. ENERGY (MJ) CO2 footprint (kg) TRANSPOR T FOR SH 30.595,872.172,31 TRANSPOR T FOR EEH 1.810,52128,55

24. 3. Examples of application. Comparing results.  Life Cycle Energy Assessment: Use: thermal transmittance. Climatic zone: D3. Navalcarnero (Madrid). Façade: Umlimax =0,66 W/m2K SH = 0,559 W/m2K EEH= 0,339 W/m2K Use: energy consumption. SH = 37,48 KWh/day EEH= 31,58 KWh/day Roof: Uclim = 0,38 W/m2K SH = 0,378 W/m2K EEH= 0,271 W/m2K

25. 3. Examples of application. Comparing results.  Life Cycle Global Warming Potential Assessment:  EEH reduce approximately 80%- 90% of CO2 footprint in the pre-use and end of life phases.

26. 4. Economical impact.  Life Cycle Cost Assessment:  Comparing SH and EEH: The traditional materials are cheaper than sustainable materials. The EEH are more environmental friendly. EEH’s building envelope offers 35% reduction in energy consumption. Economize on the building execution of EEH.

27. 5. Conclusions.  We must consider such a product may have relatively good acceptance on the competitive market.  The EEH has obtained a good balance relationship between ecological and economical efficiency.  There’s a difference of 18.000€ in the EEH over SH. But it shown to be an investment on long term.

28. 5. Conclusions. Standardization Government + companies of private sector.

29. 5. Conclusions.  “Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world, with clean air, clean water, soil and power, economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed, period” William MC Donough.  The best architecture system ever invented  The Nature.

30. Any question?