1. Hazardous Waste Minimization : Recycle and Reuse
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Hazardous Waste Minimization : Recycle and Reuse
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
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2. Paradigm Shift in Business Scenario
Competition is Global
Competencies are Global
Technology and Finance will become lesser Issues
Speed gives competitive advantage
Global Outsourcing

3. Business Scenario Fast changes in structures
Management Technology is within the reach of every one
Knowledge improvements are high
Intelligent Work Force
Growing Customer Expectations
Brands disappearing

4. Changing Business Scenario
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Changing Business Scenario
Env. Aspect: element of an organization’s activities, products or services that can interact with the environment
Env. Impact: any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services
Polluter Pays Principle
Precautionary Principle
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5. THE HAZARDOUS WASTES : (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 1989, (as amended, May, 2003)
 (14) “hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances, and shall include-
(a)        wastes listed in column (3) of Schedule-1;
(b) wastes having constituents listed in Schedule-2 if their concentration is equal to or more than the limit indicated in the said Schedule; and
(c) wastes listed in Lists ‘A’ and ‘B’ of Schedule-3 (Part-A) applicable only in case(s) of import or export of hazardous wastes in accordance with rules 12, 13 and 14 if they possess any of the hazardous characteristics listed in Part-B of Schedule 3.

6. Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, -
(i) all wastes mentioned in column (3) of Schedule-1 are hazardous wastes irrespective of concentration limits given in Schedule-2 except as otherwise indicated and Schedule-2 shall be applicable only for wastes or waste constituents not covered under column (3) of Schedule-1;
(ii) Schedule-3 shall be applicable only in case(s) of import or export;

7. IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION NO. 657 OF 1995
 Research Foundation for Science Appellant (s) Technology National Resource Policy
Versus
Union of India & Anr Respondent (s)
 (With SLP (C) No /1997 & C.A. No. 7660/1997)
ORDER
October 14, 2003

8. 70.13. (13) RE: National Policy Document on Hazardous Wastes:-
 MoEF is directed to either itself or through the CPCB or any other agency draft a policy document on hazardous waste generation and its handling within the country. While examining this aspect the following recommendations of the HPC would be kept in view:
 “The policy document should emphasise a commitment to the recycling of wastes an materials, and propose incentives for encouraging and supporting recycling. Industries must be given a clear message that they must show concrete and tangible results as far as prevention and reduction of wastes are concerned. If they do not, they should be made to pay a waste generation tax. The policy document should enunciate a doctrine of partnership between SPCBs, entrepreneur and other stakeholder like the community, which will involve working together on monitoring, preventing and reducing hazardous waste generation. The policy should review further growth of non-ferrous metallic waste, waste oil and used lead acid battery recycling in the SSI sector.”

9. What is Hazardous Waste?
Anything that contains some inherent property that renders it dangerous
Commonly:
Toxic
Corrosive (pH under 2.5, and over 12.5)
Ignitable (flash point <100F)
Listed by As Hazardous

10. Industrial Process Products Raw Materials & Labour Energy Waste heat
Waste water
Water
Money

11. Business Definition of Waste
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“Anything other than the minimum amount of materials, parts, space, equipment and worker’s time which are absolutely essential to add value to the product.”
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12. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Changing Scenario
Market
Products
Raw Materials
Energy
Industry
Waste Heat
Water
Waste Water
Beneficiation Plant
Money
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13. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Waste Minimization
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Improved business practices, procedures, and processes which increase the probability of survival and reduce any type of waste.
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14. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
“By Any Other Name...”
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Pollution Prevention
Waste Reduction
Cleaner Production
Source Reduction
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15. Tools Environmental Planning Environmental Management System
Environmental Audits

16. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Environmental Audit
A systematic, documented verification process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether specified environmental activities, events, conditions, management systems, or information about these matters, conform with audit criteria, and communicating the results of this process to the client.
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17. Types of Environmental Audits
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Types of Environmental Audits
Compliance Audits
Environmental Management Audits
Due Diligence Audits
Supplier audits (such as waste contractors)
Programme Audits (such as waste minimization or energy)
Single Issue Audits (such as noise or waste management)
Risk Audit
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18. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Compliance Audits
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Verifying compliance with:
Applicable Regulations
Standards & Guidelines
Corporate Policy and Objectives
Control and Monitoring Procedures
useful precursor for full environmental audits
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19. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Due Diligence Audits
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Typically carried out for prospective buyer or seller of industrial land (particularly mergers, acquisitions and divestitures)
Liabilities discovered by audit can:
reduce properly value
lead to exclusions
cancel deal
Auditors task is to uncover bad practice or discover environmentally damaged areas
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20. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Supplier Audits
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Reviews environmental practices and permits
Confirms that suppliers conform to customers requirements
Ensures that suppliers maintain records and may lead to the adoption of controls which would not ordinarily be implemented
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21. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Programme Audits
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Systematic review of progress and achievements
An audit of a waste minimization programme would:
examine waste generated by a site
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22. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Programme Audits Cont...
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identify viable actions for reuse, recycle, or reductions
make recommendations for prioritized programme
Return audits would confirm whether objectives and targets were achieved
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23. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Single Issue Audits
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Detailed examination of a particular issue
A noise emissions audit could
identify all noise sources
establish whether emissions were in breach of law
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24. Waste Reduction Audits:
Question: How can waste be minimized?
Steps in a waste reduction audit:
First: Target individual processes
Second: Analyze processes
Third: Identify reduction alternatives
Fourth: Consider the cost/benefit ratio for each alternative
Fifth: Select the best options

25. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Establish Audit Team
Team Leader: Highest Level Possible Broad-based Support
Champion: Visible within Prod. Area Respected and Trusted
Team: Technical/Business Expertise
Environmental Manager Process Engineer
Production Supervisor Line Workers
Purchasing & Accounting Quality Control
Health & Safety R&D
Legal Outside Assistance
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26. Collect Pre-Assessment Information
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Collect Pre-Assessment Information
Process Flow & Equipment Layout
Production Information
Information on Raw Materials & Quantity
Environmental & Regulatory Information
Wastes & Costs
Full or Life-cycle Cost
Handling Disposal
Liability Treatment
Lost Raw Materials
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27. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Process Analysis
Create a simple diagram of the process by talking to process engineers
Follow the process from beginning to end
For each unit operation, identify material inputs, products, and waste products; procedures; schedules; policies; etc.
Obtain quantitative info on materials and costs
Talk to operators: ask questions; explore their ideas for ways to do it differently
Ask why? why? why? why? why?
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28. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Plant Tour
Monitor Operations
Interview Operators and Supervisors
Document Findings with Notes, Drawings, and Photos
Observe Housekeeping
Assess Organizational Structure and Coordination
Assess Administrative Controls
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29. Develop Process Flow Diagram
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Develop Process Flow Diagram
Show Manufacturing Processes
Show Order & Relationship of Steps
Show Raw Materials & Quantities
Show Wastes & Quantities
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30. Brainstorm Waste Reduction Options
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Brainstorm Waste Reduction Options
Team Process
Collect All Ideas Without Criticism
Use All Resources
Employees
Trade Associations
Vendors
Publications & Trade Journals
Technical Assistance Programs
Consultants
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31. Waste Minimization Techniques
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Source Reduction
Recycling
On-site/Off-site
Product
Changes
Source
Control
Use &
Reuse
Reclamation
Input
Material
Changes
Technology
Changes
Good
Operating
Practices
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32. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Source Reduction
Inventory
Control
Good Oper.
Practices
Employee
Training
Input Mat’l
Substitutions
Spill Control
Product
Changes
Process
Changes
Segregating
Waste Streams
Technology
Changes
Equipment
Changes
Efficient
Production Scheduling
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33. Evaluate Each Stream for:
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Evaluate Each Stream for:
Substitution of non toxic materials
Substitution of less toxic materials
Reformulation to eliminate toxics
Modification of production process
Changes in material usage
inventory control
preventive maintenance program
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34. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Waste Minimization
Source Reduction - Purchasing
Limit the amount you order.
Do not stockpile chemicals.
Rotate stocks to use chemicals before shelf-life expires.
Keep up-to-date inventories and avoid ordering chemicals.
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35. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Waste Minimization
Source Reduction - Purchasing
Do not accept excess chemicals or “free” chemicals.
Investigate use of pre-weighed packages from chemical vendors.
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36. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Waste Minimization
Reclaimation
If waste contains precious metals waste stream may be a valuable byproduct. i.e. Silver recovery systems. Consider installation of reclaimer.
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37. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Waste Minimization
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Mixed Wastes
It is much easier to dispose of individual wastes streams.
Do not mix wastes i.e. radioactive, hazardous, nonhazardous or RMW.
Do not mix halogenated with non-halogenated solvents.
Do not mix solvents with aqueous waste.
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38. Technical Feasibility Questions To Be Asked
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Technical Feasibility Questions To Be Asked
Is the equipment available commercially?
Are there other successful applications of this equipment similar to yours?
Can the vendor provide referrals that you can contact?
Will product quality be affected?
Is the problem just being shifted to another medium or location?
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39. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Economic Feasibility
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment ______
Materials ______
Installation ______
Utility Connections ______
Engineering ______
Start-Up and Training ______
Other Capital Costs ______
Total Capital Costs ______
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Disposal Costs ______
Raw Material Costs ______
Other Costs ______
Operating Cost Savings ______
Payback Period (in years) ______
(Total Capital Costs/Annual Net Operating Cost Savings)
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40. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Include All Costs
Waste Disposal (That’s Obvious)
Cost of Raw Material Replacement
Compliance Costs
Permitting Record keeping
Reporting Monitoring
Insurance
Workman’s Compensation
Potential Liability and Penalties
Less-Tangible Benefits
Example to Industry
Employee Relations
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41. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Audit Report:
Identification of types & amounts of waste.
Description of the process that generates it.
Amount of waste generated per unit of production.
Estimate of costs for managing waste.
List of technically feasible measures.
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42. NC WasteWise Training Workshop
Audit Report:
Estimate of anticipated waste reduction achievable using technically feasible measures.
Implementation schedule.
Research & Development programs
Estimate of waste transferred to other media.
Facility Waste Reduction Policies.
Description of Training Program.
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43. Life Cycle of Waste Reduction
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Life Cycle of Waste Reduction
Assess Options::
Implement Options:
Identify Options:
Investigate Opportunities
Sustain & Expand Waste Reduction
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44. Resource efficiency is the route and not goal
Remember
Try your best to integrate environment into business practices
Resource efficiency is
the route and not goal
for environmental compliance

45. Thanks ....