1. Toxicology SUPA FS Chem.113

2. CHAPTER 10 Toxicology

3. Toxicology of Alcohol R-OH CH 3 OH methanol (methyl alcohol) C 2 H 5 OH ethanol C 3 H 7 OH propanol Ethanol ETOH H-C-C- O-H

4. Fermentation chemistry C6H12O6 ===> 2(CH3CH2OH) + 2(CO2) + Energy (which is stored in ATP) Sugar ===> Alcohol + CO2gas + Energy (Glucose) (Ethyl alcohol)

5. Make alcohol : fermentation Carb + yeast --- ETOH + carbon dioxide + water Sugar or starch may be carb depend. On type: rum vodka liquers, beer, wine

6. Alcoholic beverage = water + ETOH + flavors Flavors are called congenors Physical properties describe the substance: ETOH is clear, colorless, no odor, its density

7. Alcoholic beverage = water + ETOH + flavors Flavors are called congenors Physical properties describe the substance: ETOH is clear, colorless, no odor, its density Chemical properties vary, one is ‘Proof’ = 2X the alcohol content, so 100 proof = 50% alcohol

8. Liquor is distilled after the fermentation process Wine: fruit + sugar= wine w/ 12-14% alcohol Cannot add more sugar- yeast population drops off- limiting reactants Beer- grain + starch same as above

9. Esters are congenors. Esters are chemicals in the organic group that have an R group of R- O-C-O- R odiferous in nature Distilled beer= whiskey Distill wine=cordials and brandies Distillation process Brand determines alcohol content- size of sample consumed is crucial.

10. Can of beer 12oz @ 4% alcohol=.48 oz of pure ETOH Shot of whiskey 80 pf 1.25 oz @ 4% ETOH =.5 oz ETOH Glass of wine 4 oz. @12 alcohol =.48oz ETOH

11. 4 ways alcohol gets in system- Inhalation *Ingestion Injection Absorption

12. Ingestion begins in the mouth- saliva 20% of ETOH absorbed by stomach 80% of ETOH absorbed by intestine Rate of absorption dependent on food in 1.stomach 2.water concentration

13. Water and alcohol have affinity.Absorbed more readily in presence of water. No natural levels of ETOH in body! Ingested with drink, mouthwash, NyQuill etc

14. Diabetics produce acetone- not alcohol- smells similar Alcohol in body resembles combustion process

15. ETOH in water + liver w/oxygen --- acetic acid in cells ETOH + O2 yields CO2 + H2O + Energy oxidizes it to carbon dioxide +water + energy This is rate of detoxification SO alcohol is a source of ENERGY??Measured in calories excess in fat storage Male: 68% water Female: 55% water- higher fat than males

16. Water found in brain, liver, muscle- Bones, fatty tissue, less or little water Female has increased alcohol content due to less water concentration in body!

17. Lite= less calories, less fat Lo carb= carb removed in fermentation process Carb makes head on beer- less head with low carb

18. Alcohol – depressant of CNS Elimination of ETOH- 2 ways; oxidation and excretion Breath, sweat, tears, urine Metabolism in liver – oxidation process- chemical reaction above involving combustion

19. Distillation; a physical process a physical separation of components based on boiling points

20. To distill beer to make whiskey or wine to make cordials or liqueurs must heat mixture Substances separate by boiling point differences Evaporate (gas) moves into condenser tube, cools and liquefies Drops/collects into vial as distillate

21. Distillation apparatus

22. Check out the drink wheel on line Widmer factor ? Calculation of metabolic rate See text book DO review questions at end of chapter