1. Agenda

2. Review
What role did maritime history play in the political and economic life of this period?

3. Unit 4: Global Interactions (1450 – 1750)

4. Essential learning: Northern Eurasia (1500-1800)

5. Objectives
Describe how Japan responded to domestic social changes and the challenges posed by contact with foreign cultures.

6. Essential Questions
How did Japan respond to domestic social changes and the challenges posed by contact with foreign cultures?

7. Target: Japanese Reunification
Civil war and the invasion of Korea ( )
Hideyoshi emerged as warlord from civil war.
Invaded Asian mainland (1632).

8. The Tokugawa Shogunate (to 1800)
Est. by Tokugawa Ieyasu ( ) in 1603.
Capital at Edo promoted economic development.
More political centralization.
Good roads and maritime transport.
Peace = warrior class changed.

9. High achievement in artisanship (1600s-1700s)
Steel making, pottery, porcelain.
Finance.

10. Japan and the Europeans
Welcomed traders from Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, but closely regulated.
Few goods exchanged.

11. Portuguese and Spanish merchant ships brought Christian missionaries.
1614 decree banned Christianity.
decrees tried to keep Christianity from resurfacing, reduced trade.

12. Elite decline and social crisis
Strain from population growth in the 1700s.
Unstable rice prices, economic decline of samurai.

13. Shoguns protected interests of lords and samurai.
– fast growing economy
Merchants – relative freedom and influence.
Vivid culture – kabuki theater, colorful woodblock prints, silk-screened fabrics.

14. “Forty-Seven Ronin” incident (1701-1703)

15. Essential Questions
How did Japan respond to domestic social changes and the challenges posed by contact with foreign cultures?

16. Agenda

17. Review
How did Japan respond to domestic social changes and the challenges posed by contact with foreign cultures?

18. Unit 4: Global Interactions (1450 – 1750)

19. Essential learning: Northern Eurasia (1500-1800)

20. Objectives
Describe how China dealt with military and political challenges both inside and outside its borders.

21. Essential Questions
How did China deal with military and political challenges both inside and outside its borders?

22. Target: The Later Ming and Early Qing Empires
China (post-1500)
Civil and foreign wars
Change in government
New trading and cultural relations

23. The Ming Empire (1500-1644) 1500s – economic and cultural achievements
Post-1500s – political weakness, warfare, rural problems.
European ships in the early 16th century.
Silk, cotton, and porcelain industries.
Culturally and commercially vibrant Ming cities.

24. Economic and political problems.
Climate changes = famine, uprisings.
Uprisings and epidemics = population decline.
Flood of silver = inflation.
Issuing of paper currency and copper coinage, corruption.

25. Ming collapse and rise of the Qing
Internal rebellion
Rising Manchu power
Mongol threat
Many southern Chinese migrated to SE Asia.

26. Japanese invasion (1592-1598) = Manchu military aid.
Later, troops could not be restrained.
Manchus est. Qing Empire in 1644.
Most officials, soldiers, merchants, and farmers were Chinese.
Soon adopted Chinese institutions and policies.

27. Trading companies and missionaries
Interest in trade with Europe developed slowly.
Missionaries accompanied Portuguese and Spanish merchants.
More successful than in Japan.
Matteo Ricci ( )

28. Emperor Kangxi
17th and 18th centuries – economic, military, and cultural achievement.
Repaired infrastructure, lowered transit taxes, cut rents and interest rates.
Encouraged foreign trade.

29. Welcomed Jesuit advisers.
Jesuits compromised to gain converts.
Toleration of ancestor worship.
Later Qing emperors persecuted Christians.

30. Chinese influences on Europe
Early form of smallpox vaccine.
Wealthy and middle class wanted silk, porcelain, tea, painted fans.
Qing political philosophy.

31. Tea and diplomacy One market point for each foreign sector.
Tea = prized import.
Qing accepted silver, rarely bought British goods.
Later 1700s – decline of domestic revenue = Qing needed silver.
1792 – British failed in the Macartney mission

32. Population and social stress
Economic and environmental decline – late 1700s.
Population tripled since 1500 – more intensive agriculture.
Deforestation accelerated erosion – caused flooding.
Grand Canal not maintained.
Peasants sought better jobs.
Begging, prostitution, theft.
Rebellions.

33. Essential Questions
How did China deal with military and political challenges both inside and outside its borders?

34. Agenda

35. Review
How did China deal with military and political challenges both inside and outside its borders?

36. Unit 4: Global Interactions (1450 – 1750)

37. Essential learning: Northern Eurasia (1500-1800)

38. Objectives
Describe the extent to which Russia’s expanding empire was influenced by relations with western Europe in this period.

39. Essential Questions
To what extent was Russia’s expanding empire influenced by relations with western Europe in this period?

41. Where is Russia?

42. Target: The Russian Empire
: expanded rapidly.
Major European power by 1750.

43. The drive across northern Asia
Before 1500: steppe nomads.
1240s–1480: Mongols 1240s-1480.
Rise of Moscow.
Post-1547: Russian ruler used title tsar.

44. Claims to greatness exaggerated.
1600 – poor, backward, and landlocked.
Only one seaport, often frozen.
Siberia –valuable resources.

45. Russian society and politics (to 1725)
Different languages, religious beliefs, and ethnic identities.

46. Early 17th century “Time of Troubles”
Boyars (Russian aristocracy) allowed Mikhail Romanov (r ) to begin a dynasty.
Peasants lost freedom.
Some sold themselves into slavery during times of war.
1649 law turned them into serfs.

47. Peter the Great (r )
Reduced isolation, increased size and power.
Foreign policy goal – warm-water port on the Black Sea.
Built small but strong navy.
: traveled incognito to Europe.

49. Great Northern War ( )
Modernized armies broke Swedish control of the Baltic Sea.
More direct contacts with Europe.

50. Goal – modernize and westernize Russia
St. Petersburg
Noblemen shaved beards
Wives at social gatherings
Nobles educated children.
Reduced role of the boyars and army.
Russian Orthodox Church under state control.
Factories for munitions and supplies.
Higher taxes and forced labor for serfs.

54. Consolidation of the empire
Catherine the Great (r ).
Control of the north shore of the Black Sea by 1783.
Promoted industry, built canal system.
Administrative reforms, promoted Enlightenment ideas.

56. Essential Questions
To what extent was Russia’s expanding empire influenced by relations with western Europe in this period?