1. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Environmentally Preferable Lighting Purchasing TFM Show April 10, 2006 Jennifer R. Dolin, LEED ® AP Environmental Marketing Manager

2. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 My Background 16 years experience in the environmental field A masters degree in environmental policy from Tufts University 5 years with Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ Executive Office of Environmental Affairs 10 years with US Environmental Protection Agency 5 years developing specifications for the EPA’s ENERGY STAR program Helped write a Federal Executive Order for energy-efficient products Team lead for large-volume purchasing/procurement initiative 5 years with EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality Environmental Marketing Manager for OSRAM SYLVANIA since 2004 LEED ® Accredited Professional

3. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Agenda Environmentally preferable purchasing Lighting considerations for EPP Environmental factors and criteria Selecting environmentally preferable lighting

4. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Environmentally preferable purchasing Federal, state and local guidelines for EPP Typically focus on “single attribute” products Computers and monitors – E NERGY S TAR ® Paper – recycled with 30% post-consumer waste Carpet – low VOCs (volatile organic compounds) Lighting is different

5. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Lighting Considerations Universal requirements – building codes and lighting standards Additional criteria – applications, performance characteristics Environmental needs – environmental attributes

6. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 IESNA Standards (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Universal Requirements -- IESNA

7. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Needs -- Application factors Light quantity Task visibility Safety and security Light quality Color Glare control Highlights and shadows System compatibility Dimming systems Energy management systems Color rendering index (CRI) can affect the appearance of objects

8. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Needs – Cost factors Cost factors Initial product costs Maintenance costs Energy Costs Disposal costs Life Cycle Cost for Typical Fluorescent Lighting System

9. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Environmental Factors Energy efficiency Long life and fewer replacements Reduced heavy metals – e.g. mercury Green building requirements Recycling/disposal

10. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 What are the criteria that affect environment impact? There is no single environmental factor that’s “most important” to everyone -- no “silver lightbulb” Environmental impact is affected by multiple criteria: Lamp typeLumen output System typeEnergy consumption Number of lampsMercury content Lamp life In lighting, there are tradeoffs among these criteria

11. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Energy Efficiency

12. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Energy Efficiency US Department of Energy

13. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Energy and the Environment Energy consumption affects air quality Power plants burn fossil fuel to generate electricity ~50% of US electricity comes from coal-burning power plants Air pollution (emissions) generated when coal is burned Reduced electricity demand = less fossil fuel burned at power plants = fewer harmful emissions

14. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Fluorescent lamp performance: Energy Efficiency Factors to consider: Total system wattage – don’t view lamps out of context Maintained (mean) lumens vs. initial lumens Higher efficiency vs. lower lumen tradeoff Number of lamps can be reduced – not just longer life lamps, but more efficient systems (e.g. 3-lamp troffer vs. 4-lamp troffer) Potential higher initial costs

15. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems Mean System Lumens* System Wattage** Lamp Life (12 hrs/start) F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast factor) 66538724,000 F30W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (normal ballast factor) 70757730,000 F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 59906330,000 F32W Super extended performance lamp Program start ballast 62737136,000 F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 57086736,000 System Comparisons * Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life ** System wattage based on 277V

16. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Open Office Retrofit Project 3-lamp Systems Mean System Lumens* System Wattage** Lamp Life (12 hrs/start) F32W T8/741 Instant Start Ballast (normal ballast factor) 66538724,000 F30W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (normal ballast factor) 70757730,000 F28W Extended performance lamp Instant start ballast (low ballast factor) 59906330,000 F32W Super extended performance lamp Program start ballast 627371 F30W Extended performance lamp Program start ballast 57086736,000 System Comparisons * Mean system lumens based on light at 40% of rated life ** System wattage based on 277V 36,000

17. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Long life

18. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Fluorescent lamp performance: life Switching cycle (number of times switched per day) Type of ballast Operating temperatures (cold or hot)

19. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Fluorescent lamp performance: life Longer life lamps mean fewer replacement cycles Cost savings for lamp purchase maintenance Disposal Fewer raw materials used

20. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Reduced heavy metals – e.g. mercury

21. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury -- What is the purpose of mercury in lamps? Fundamental to efficient operation of fluorescent lamps Also important in HID lamps

22. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Fluorescent lamp performance: light output Initial lumen output Maintained lumen output Pink lamp, symptomatic of mercury starvation

23. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Total 5-year Mercury Contribution Fluorescent Lamp vs. Incandescents Milligrams of mercury Look beyond the mercury IN the lamp….

24. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Green building -- LEED ®

25. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 LEED ® and Lighting Many green building rating systems include energy performance (ENERGY STAR ®, Green Globes ® ) LEED ® Energy & Atmosphere category relates to lighting As a baseline, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 must be met Buildings earn points for bettering this standard

26. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury and LEED-EB Major confusion here! MR Prerequisite #2: Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Credit 6 – Additional Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs

27. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Requirement: Maintain mercury content of all mercury-containing light bulbs below 100 picograms per lumen hour, on weighted average, for all mercury-containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds. Relies on lamp type and, most importantly, quantity of each lamp type Calculation is for the entire project

28. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d Product Family Lamp DescriptionProjected Number of Lamps to be Purchased in Performance Period (for Building and Grounds) One Lamp Hg Content (milligrams) Picograms per lumen hour for each type of Lamp HID150W Metal Halide1 38.0 507 FLUORESCENT54W T5/8301 2.5 27 Total Pg/lhr 241.07 Total picograms per lumen hour = 241.07 Each lamp has very different measurements Could lead some decision-makers to avoid 150W Metal Halide lamp

29. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d Product FamilyLamp DescriptionProjected Number of Lamps to be Purchased in Performance Period (for Building and Grounds) One Lamp Hg Content (milligrams) Picograms per lumen hour for each type of Lamp HID150W Metal Halide 5 38.0 507 FLUORESCENT54W T5/83020 2.5 27 Total pg/lhr 93.52 Change in quantity of lamps leads to total picogram per lumen hour measurement for project of 93.52 Same lamp types, different quantities

30. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Mercury and LEED-EB, cont’d Each lamp does not need to meet the 100 picogram per lumen hour level No single manufacturer has lamps that “meet” LEED-EB Some lamps do better in the calculation than others, but all manufacturer’s lamps can be considered Products cannot be LEED certified, only buildings can be LEED certified

31. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Lamp recycling

32. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Brief science lesson on fluorescent lamps Lamp begins life with pure mercury As lamp operates and ages, pure mercury is “consumed” Combines with the glass Combines with the phosphor Combines with the deposits on the bulb wall around the filament Combine with any other impurities in the lamp Amount not bound up is very small

33. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 UWR Lamp Disposal Summary IMPORTANT POINT : The user (“generator”) always has the primary legal responsibility for proper disposal of spent lamps Under the UWR, proper disposal in the U.S. is a complex issue State regulations eclipse Federal regulations

34. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 What is TCLP and its relationship to mercury and disposal? Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) evaluates soluble mercury content TCLP tests include other elements and compounds TCLP is “pass/fail”

35. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Preferred Disposal Option -- Recycle For spent mercury-containing lamps, recycling is currently the most responsible disposal policy that is acceptable in all jurisdictions Manufacturers use recycled mercury in production of fluorescent and HID lamps Recovers almost all mercury in a lamp (0.2- 0.4% unrecovered) Avoids future liability (Superfund cleanup)

36. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Key points

37. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 What can you do? Identify lighting attributes to meet your needs and achieve your environmental goals, rather than focusing on a “single attribute.” Choose a fluorescent lighting system that performs better in energy usage than a standard system. Lower your overall environmental impact.

38. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 Final points… Environmentally preferable purchasing relies on setting individual priorities First, select performance attributes Then, purchase those lamps that will also meet your environmental goals There is no single “best” environmental attribute

39. TFM Show, Chicago 2006 THANK YOU!! www.sylvania.com/AboutUs/EnergyandEnvironment Jennifer.dolin@sylvania.com