1. Reducing the incidence of Clinical Mastitis Possible Mastitis Targets per 100 cows per year -No. cases; 30 cases from 20 cows, max 3 ill. -Tube use: - 100 clinical - 340 dry -SCC < 250 000 -Culling 4

2. What is Mastitis Inflammation of the udder most commonly due to bacterial infection. Grading: Grades: - Normal - Subclinical (high SCC) - Clinical – Grade 1 (abnormal milk but cow normal) - Grade 2 - (abnormal milk+ udder changes (swollen/hot/painful 2A = acute 2C = chronic - Grade 3(abnormal milk, udder changes and cow ill, toxic) Use:- help decide on a treatment plan: I/M tube +/- injection +/- I/V fluids- the 3 F’s), - decide if milk sampling is necessary to identify the bacteria

3. Where does the infection come from ? Contageous ; Environmental Staph. Aureus E.coli Strep. Agalactiae Strep. Uberis Mycoplasma Yeasts and moulds C. bovis Pasturella Simplified examples: Grade 1- Staph, Strep, E.coli Grade 2A- Staph, Strep, E.coli,C.pyogenes(dry cows) Grade 2C- Staph (S. aureus) Grade 3- E. coli, C.pyogenes

4. Factors Affecting The Incidence of Mastitis 1/Cow Factors 2/Milking Machine Factors 3/Environmental Factors 4/Human Factors 5/Nutritional Factors

5. 1- Cow Factors -Genetic selection -Yield -Anatomy - udder conformation - teat conformation -Behavior -Intercurrent disease (BVD,lepto,Dig.derm) -Cell counts (Staph aureus carriers)

6. 2- Milking Machine Factors -vacuum levels (cause teat damage) -vacuum reserve -Liner wear

7. 3- Environmental Factors Cubicle management and hygiene Straw yard management (2-3 tons/yr, dry) Stock density 8.0sq.m /cow ventilation (squelch test)

8. 4- Human Factors stockmanship (attention to detail) herdsperson:cow ratio

9. 5- Nutritional Factors metabolic disease -ve E.balance intercurrent disease(BVD) vit. E/selenium def.

10. How can we reduce the cost of treament: Reduce the incidence: Attention to the 5 (7) point plan. Use Orbiseal (Nick Butler from Pfizer) Better Targeting of Treatment: milk Sampling (Grade 2C, Grade 3, herd with a problem) What is the benefit:- identify the bacteria - test sensitivity

11. Preventing new infections: the five(seven) point plan 1- teat management 2- milking machine maintenance 3 - Treatment of clinical cases 4 - Dry cow therapy 5 - culling problem cows 6 - Environmental management 7 - Nutrition

12. Monitoring the True Mastitis Position in the Herd Quarters should not receive more than 3 separate courses of therapy within 1 lactation without veterinary review Mastitis Records: to monitor individual cows and identify possible cull cases.

13. Which Tube/ Treatment to Use: I n t r a m a m m a r y T u b e s I n j e c t i o n s Milking Cow Tubes Tetra Delta Synuilox Pirsue Leo Yellow Lincocin Forte S Pathocef Orbenin LA Cephaguard LC Lactatrim Injection Synulox Cephaguard Framomycin Tylan

14. Summary: Aiming to reduce the cost of Mastitis: Monitoring Mastitis Levels: (tube use, record sheets) to spot problems early. Grading to Decide on a Treatment Plan Identifying the Pathogen -allows the source of infection to be spotted -Sensitivity tests allow the most appropriate antibiotic to be chosen