1. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

2. Study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow.

3. Q: Which systems in our body are at work when we play a sport?
A: Our skeletal, muscular and nervous systems
Q: How do we know when and where to move to during a sport?
A: Our nervous system helps us to react to our surroundings and move according.

4. Parts and function of the NERVOUS SYSTEM

5. SPINAL CORD - about 18 inches long
made of many nerves located around the spine
located inside the vertebral canal
CARRIES MESSAGES TO & FROM THE BRAIN
Protected by the vertebral column
Has vertebral disks
which absorb shock during activities
allow spine to flex and extend

6. SPINAL CORD

7. NERVE CELL/NEURON - form a network throughout our body
- send messages to our body parts and receive messages from our surroundings through the spinal cord
- connected end to end and transmits electrical impulses from one point to another
two types : sensory nerves and motor nerves
Sensory nerves pick up information from our surroundings
Motor nerves carry out the actions as a response to an information

8. NERVE CELL/NEURON

9. BRAIN BRAIN: CEREBRUM - soft organ protected by the skull
- controls the entire nervous system
has the following parts:
BRAIN: CEREBRUM
- biggest part of the brain
- makes up 85% of the brain's weight
thinking part of the brain
- controls voluntary muscles (the ones that move when you want them to)

10. BRAIN: CEREBRUM

11. BRAIN: CEREBRUM

12. BRAIN: CEREBELLUM is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum
only 1/8 of the size of the cerebrum
controls balance, movement, and coordination (how muscles work together)

13. BRAIN: CEREBELLUM

14. BRAIN: BRAIN STEM - sits beneath cerebrum and in front of cerebellum
connects the rest of the brain to spinal cord, which runs down our neck and back
controls involuntary muscles (muscles that work automatically, without you controlling it)
it sorts through millions of messages that the brain and the rest of the body send back and forth

15. BRAIN: BRAIN STEM

16. OTHER BRAIN PARTS Pituitary gland produces and releases hormones
controls our growth
Hypothalamus
controls body temperature
if we feel warm, the hypothalamus tells the body to produce sweat. If we’re too cold, it gets us shivering

17. OTHER BRAIN PARTS

18. PATH OF MESSAGE The sensory nerves pick up the message from a stimulus
Message is sent as a nerve impulse
The sensory nerves bring the message to the spinal cord, then brain.
The brain gives a response through the motor nerves
The motor nerves help the muscles in carrying out the response action

19. PATH OF MESSAGE Tell the path of message if
A young boy gets an apple from inside the refrigerator
Sensory nerves of the eyes message travels to the brain via spinal cord brain decide on an action message of action travels from brain via the spinal cord motor nerves of arm
You hear your mobile phone’s message alert tone.

20. How about this?

21. Reflex
Reflex actions
Actions to stimulus which are almost instantaneous
Stimulus spinal cord reaction
Reaction to potential danger
Blinking of eyes faster than the approach of a foreign object
Are the actions of an athlete reflex or common stimulus response?

22. COMMON ILLNESSES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

23. Alzheimer’s Disease Description/s Symptoms Cure
- deterioration of memory, thinking, and reasoning
-usually occurs in old age
Description/s
gradual loss of memory, lessened ability to perform routine tasks, disorientation, difficulty in learning, loss of language skills, impairment of judgment and planning, and mood or behavioral changes
Symptoms
Cure
currently no cure

24. Epilepsy Description/s Symptoms Cure
-result of trauma at the time of birth, such as insufficient oxygen to the brain or head injury.
- may be caused by head injury resulting from accident, alcoholism, infectious diseases such as measles or mumps, or lead or mercury poisoning
Description/s
marked by seizures that often involve convulsions or the loss of consciousness
Symptoms
is a recurrent, lifelong condition that must be managed on a long-term basis
Cure

25. Huntington’s Disease Description/s Symptoms Cure
Inherited, progressive disease
-uncontrollable physical movements and mental deterioration.
-symptoms usually appear in people between the ages of thirty and fifty
-include restlessness, twitching, and a desire to move about
Symptoms
Cure
there is no cure and treatment

26. Migraine Description/s Symptoms Cure
-a particularly intense form of headache lasting several hours or more
-headaches provoked by a particular stimulus, such as stress, loud noises, missed meals, or eating particular foods.
Description/s
Symptoms
Headaches, nausea, sensitivity to light and/or sound
Several drugs may be used to reduce the pain and severity of a migraine attack.
Cure

27. Multiple Sclerosis Description/s Symptoms Cure
-occurs when the protective coating around the nerves deteriorates. Nerves become exposed and directly interferes with the way the brain sends signals to the rest of the body. The exposed nerves become hardened (sclerosis),therefore the body cannot respond to signals being sent by the brain.
Description/s
-severe exhaustion, bladder and bowel weakness, balance and coordination problems, dizziness, vision problems and pain in eyes, muscle stiffness, weakness, cramps and pain
Symptoms
-no known cure
- treatment involves management of symptoms
Cure

28. Parkinson’s Disease Description/s Symptoms Cure
-progressive disease in which cells in one of the movement-control centers of the brain begin to die
Description/s
-nerves and muscles become weak, and control over speech body movements is lost
-symptoms include tremors (usually beginning in the hands), slow movements, muscle rigidity or stiffness, balance problems, decreased eye-blinking, depression, speech changes, sleep problems, constipation, and irritability
Symptoms
Cure
-currently no cure for or a way to prevent PD

29. Poliomyelitis/Polio Description/s Symptoms Cure
- infectious viral disease that attacks muscle-controlling nerves that can cause paralysis
-affects children
-spreads primarily through contact with saliva or feces of infected person. Virus enters and multiplies rapidly in the intestines. It enters the bloodstream, then gains access to the central nervous system
Description/s
- fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff neck and back, and muscle pain
Symptoms
vaccines were developed to provide the body immunity to the poliomyelitis virus
Cure

30. Stroke Description/s Symptoms Cure
-occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a blood clot or bursts
-part of the brain is deprived of the blood and oxygen it needs, so it begins to die
Description/s
weakness or numbness of one side of the face, arm and/or leg; trouble speaking or understanding; dizziness, trouble walking or loss of balance.
Symptoms
-Treatment through intake of medicine
-Rehabilitation
-Surgery
Cure

31. Care for the NS Learn how to cope with emotions. Have a balanced diet.
Read and write regularly.
Avoid alcohol, drugs and cigarettes.
Exercise caution at work and play.
Sources:
wrong-with-the-nervous-system.html