1. Cell Theory Chapter 3 Biology Mr. Gilbertson Hooke’s microscope

3. THE CELL SMALLEST UNIT THAT CAN CARRY ON ALL PROCESSES OF LIFE UNICELLULAR - ONE CELL MULTICELLULAR - MANY CELLS

4. THE CELL THEORY ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE CELLS CELLS ARE ORGANISMS’ BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER CELLS BY REPRODUCTION

5. People Who Contributed to the Cell Theory Robert Hooke – credited with the discovery and naming of cellsRobert Hooke – credited with the discovery and naming of cells Felix Dujardin – discovered the living fluid in a cell called “protoplasm”Felix Dujardin – discovered the living fluid in a cell called “protoplasm” Matthais Schleiden – German botanist who first proposed all plants and all plant parts are made of cells. Co-founder of cell theoryMatthais Schleiden – German botanist who first proposed all plants and all plant parts are made of cells. Co-founder of cell theory Theodor Schwann – German zoologist who proposed that all animals and all animal parts are made of cells. Co-founder of the cell theory.Theodor Schwann – German zoologist who proposed that all animals and all animal parts are made of cells. Co-founder of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow - published an influential theory that cells arose from each other in a continuous series of generations.Rudolf Virchow - published an influential theory that cells arose from each other in a continuous series of generations.

6. The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include: The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include: 1.All known living things are made up of cells. 2.The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. (Spontaneous Generation does not occur). 4.Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells. 6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.

7. CELL DIVERSITY SIZE –RANGE FROM 2M LONG TO.2 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER –MOST ARE BETWEEN 20 TO 50 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER –SIZE IS LIMITED BY THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO (AS SIZE INCREASES THE VOLUME INCREASES FASTER THAN THE SURFACE AREA) see page 55 SHAPE –MOST ARE ROUGHLY CUBOIDAL OR SPHERICAL –TRISKADECKAHEDRON (13 FLAT SIDES) VERY COMMON –DIVERSITY OF SHAPE IS RELATED TO CELL FUNCTION INTERNAL ORGANIZATION –PROKARYOTES - SIMPLE CELLS WITH NO NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES –EUKARYOTES - COMPLEX CELLS WHICH HAVE MANY MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES

8. LYMPHOCYTESLYMPHOCYTES

9. ERYTHROCYTESERYTHROCYTES

10. CARDIAC MUSCLE

11. NERVE CELLS

12. ELODEAELODEA

13. Common Features of Cells Cell membrane – surrounds and encloses cell separates interior of the cell from the environment.Cell membrane – surrounds and encloses cell separates interior of the cell from the environment. Cytoplasm – cell sap (fluid in which organelles are found.Cytoplasm – cell sap (fluid in which organelles are found. Cytoskeleton – microscopic fibers which hold organelles in place and allow movement.Cytoskeleton – microscopic fibers which hold organelles in place and allow movement. Ribosomes – protein factoriesRibosomes – protein factories DNA – hereditary material.DNA – hereditary material.

14. PROKARYOTE CELL

15. Prokaryote Bacteria are the best known and most studied form of prokaryotic organisms,Bacteria are the best known and most studied form of prokaryotic organisms,Bacteria Discovery of a second group of prokaryotes, called archaea, has provided evidence of a third cellular domain of life and new insights into the origin of life itself.Discovery of a second group of prokaryotes, called archaea, has provided evidence of a third cellular domain of life and new insights into the origin of life itself.archaeadomain origin of lifearchaeadomain origin of life Are unicellular organismsAre unicellular organismsunicellular Each cell in the colony is identical and capable of independent existence.Each cell in the colony is identical and capable of independent existence. Are capable of inhabiting almost every place on the Earth, from the deep ocean, to the edges of hot springs, to just about every surface of our bodies.Are capable of inhabiting almost every place on the Earth, from the deep ocean, to the edges of hot springs, to just about every surface of our bodies.

16. Prokaryotes Characteristics: –No nuclear membrane (genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm) –No membrane-bound organelles –Simple internal structure –Most primitive type of cell (appeared about four billion years ago

17. EUKARYOTE ANIMAL CELL

18. Evolution of Eukaryotes Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multicellular organisms are eukaryotic.Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multicellular organisms are eukaryotic. It is hypothesized that a primitive bacterium once surrounded its food after releasing its digestive enzymes. The membrane folded inward and pinched off, creating the first digestive membrane-bound organelle.It is hypothesized that a primitive bacterium once surrounded its food after releasing its digestive enzymes. The membrane folded inward and pinched off, creating the first digestive membrane-bound organelle. This bacterium was engulfed by another and they developed a symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis)This bacterium was engulfed by another and they developed a symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis) The engulfed bacterium evolved and became the mitochondria in present-day cells.The engulfed bacterium evolved and became the mitochondria in present-day cells.

19. Eukaryote Cells Characteristics: Nuclear membrane surrounding genetic materialNuclear membrane surrounding genetic material Numerous membrane-bound organellesNumerous membrane-bound organelles Complex internal structureComplex internal structure Appeared approximately one billion years agoAppeared approximately one billion years agoExamples: ParameciumParamecium DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates Homo sapiensHomo sapiens All multicellular organismsAll multicellular organisms

20. EUKARYOTIC PLANT CELL

21. THREE MAIN COMPONENTS –CELL MEMBRANE - WHICH SURROUNDS AND SEPARATES THE CELL FROM ITS ENVIRONMENT –CYTOPLASM - LIES WITHIN THE MEMBRANE AND CONTAINS WATER, SALTS, AND SURROUNDS ORGANELLES –NUCLEUS - CONTAINS DNA AND DIRECTS CELL ACTIVITIES PARTS OF A CELL