1. Studio introduction.

2. Signal flow. Understanding signal flow is vital to the smooth running of a studio session. What type of signal is it and what type of cable/connector does it use? Where does the signal start, where should it go (both in hardware and software) and where should it end up?

3. Studio connections - an introduction: Analogue - Mic level audio - uses XLR cable. Line level audio - uses jack-to-XLR or XLR via DI box. Can also use phono, jack-to-jack and minijack. Instrument level (high impedance hi-Z) audio - uses 1/4” jack.

4. Studio connections - an introduction: Digital - S/PDIF - uses well-screened 75 ohm phono cable to carry stereo signal. ADAT optical - optical cable capable of carrying up to 8 24 bit, 44.1 or 48kHz audio channels.

5. Studio connections - an introduction: Digital continued - MIDI - uses 5 pin DIN plug to communicate synchronisation, automation and musical instructions between studio equipment. Firewire / IEEE1394 - used to connect digital audio interfaces to computer. Interfaces using other connectors (eg, USB, PCI, etc…) also exist.

7. Connections needed in a typical recording session: Microphones/instruments from live room to computer/recorder. Computer/recorder to desk/studio monitors. Computer/recorder to live room/musicians (headphones/cue mix). Engineer to live room/musicians (talk back).