1. The Roaring Twenties

2. 1920’s Decade of prosperity, fun and wild living Era of the “Jazz Age”
New fashion
New music
New Art
New Fads

3. Fashion: 1920’s Flapper a "new breed" of young women
Short skirts, bobbed their hair
Disliked “acceptable behavior”
Engaged in drinking & smoking
Treated sex in a casual manner
Questioned the “traditional” role of women

4. Art Deco popular international design movement affecting architecture,
interior design, fashion,
painting, the graphic arts,
and film
Combination of many styles of the 20th C
purely decorative
At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and modern

5. 1920s Fads – Dances “The Charleston” The “Foxtrot”

6. Literature “The Great Gatsby”
Popular book in 1920s
Canadian novelist Mazo de la Roche published a very popular series, “Jalna”

7. Fads - Movies
Mary Pickford – Canadian actress who achieved movie-star status

8. Canadian Invention - Insulin
Insulin – as treatment for diabetes
Dr. Fredrick Banting discovered working at the University of Toronto

9. 1st Flight across Atlantic
May, Charles Lindberg flew the 1st non-stop solo trans-Atlantic flight from NY to Paris in 33 ½ hours

10. 1920s “A Decade of Adjustment”
The country moved towards isolationism and greater autonomy from Britain
Economy diversified and became more dependent on American investment
Labour, women and aborignial people struggled for legal, social and economic equality
Popular culture became more “Americanized” and the literary and visual arts experienced a renaissance

11. Growth of Regionalism
Regionalism: concern of various different regions of the country with their own local problems
Maritimes population is a small region therefore they had fewer seats in parliament
Oil replaced coal, yet Maritimes had coal
Maritimes Rights Movement formed

12. Federalism/Regionalism (cont.)
There were also regional challenges from Prairies and Ontario
Farmers angered by National Policy because tariffs/duties placed on foreign goods imported into Canada
Farmers wanted free trade, abolish tariffs and allow them to buy cheap machinery
1919 federal Thomas Crerar created the Progessive Party
Wanted a new National Party based on free trade and ownership of railways
Thomas Crerar

13. 1921 Election MacKenzie King – leader of Liberal party
Believed in the middle path
Arthur Meighen – leader of the Conservatives
Believed in principles over compromise; didn’t care if he offended anyone
Liberals elected 117 seats; Conservatives 55 seats; Progressives 64 seats
Mackenzie King
Meighen

14. 1921 Election Liberals were a minority government
Progressive Party did not last very long
1926 – King challenged by the Progressives to set up Old Age Pensions Act
Act was passed in 1927: $240/yr

15. Growing Independence From Britain
1922: King refused to support Britain when they invaded the Turkish Empire
1923: King insisted Canada be allowed to sign an international treaty known as the Halibut Treaty without British representative’s signature
1926: King challenged Britain over its influence on Canada’s internal politics known as King- Byng Crisis
1926: Participated in Balfour Report

16. King
King-Byng Crisis
1925 – minority government Liberals formed with support of 28 Progressive Party members;
Without the Progressives, Liberals only had 101 seats, Conservatives had 116
Liberals lost Progressive Party support because of a liquor smuggling scandal
King’s ministers were protecting the individuals and even profiting off of the illegal liquor sales to the United States (prohibition was on in the USA at this time
Conservatives called for a motion of censure the Liberals and Liberal lost
Byng

17. King- Byng – cont’
King asked Byng to dissolve parliament to call another election; Byng refused and asked Meighen to form the government instead
Byng eventually forced to called an election after Meighen lost a confidence vote 3 months later
Sept 14, 1926, King won majority.
Meighen

18. Halibut Treaty
Treaty Agreement concerning closed season on Halibut fishing in the North Pacific
King wished to eliminate British representation from Canada’s treaty-making process
Canada signed the treaty on her own without any involvement from Britain – first time.

19. Chanak Crisis
Turkish war in which British troops stationed in Chanak, a neutral zone near the Dardanelles, were threatened by Turkish nationalists
Britain appealed to Canadian people for aid in preventing Turkish occupation of Chanak
King said parliament must decide whether or not to send troops; did not go when asked; Canadians did not want to get involved
Pointed out need for greater Canadian control over foreign policy – First time Canada refused to come to Britain’s aid

20. Imperial Conference 1926
Dominions of the British Empire requested autonomy & to define status of “Dominion”
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
Autonomy: the freedom to govern themselves
Resulted in Balfour Report – 1926

21. Balfour Report - 1926 created new status for Dominion countries
clarified Governor General’s role in Dominions - now representative of the crown – not agent of British government
defined Dominions as autonomous communities – equal in status and not subordinate to Britain
recognized greater autonomy in domestic and external affairs
became law in 1931 when the Statute of Westminster was passed

22. Balfour Report (cont.) Two Restrictions:
1. Canada’s constitution, the British North America Act, remained in Britain, because the Canadian federal and provincial governments could not agree on an amending formula
Amending Formula - Procedure for changing the Canadian Constitution
2. Judicial Court of Appeal (Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) for Canadians resided in Britain until 1949

23. Statute of Westminster - 1931
made Balfour Report legal
officially recognized Dominions as members of the British Commonwealth, NOT colonies of the British Empire
Canada now able to conduct its own Foreign Affairs and Relations
Signing of Statute of Westminster

24. Economic Boom The 1920’s started in depression.
During the 1920’s the US started investing in Canada’s economy.
US Companies set up ‘branch plants’ such as auto plants, which operated here but for American business men.
US enriched Canada’s economy by extracting or harvesting raw materials (primary resources)
Materials were transported to US for processing and manufacturing (secondary resources)

25. PM King & US President Roosevelt
Economic Boom (cont.)
With the increase in employment and economic prosperity few Canadians questioned the long term effects of American involvement.
PM King & US President Roosevelt

26. Bootlegging Across the Border
The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) pushed prohibition into legislation in Canada and the US.
Prohibition: the sale, manufacture, and transportation (bootlegging) of alcohol was illegal.
By 1920, provincial governments in Canada were overturning the decision because of its unpopularity.
The US, however, enforced it until Canadians sold illegal alcohol over the border for about 10 years.

27. USA- Prohibition and Speakeasies
A speakeasy was an establishment that secretly sold alcoholic beverages in the USA during the Prohibition ( )
The term comes from a patron's manner of ordering alcohol without raising suspicion — a bartender would tell a patron to be quiet and "speak easy".

28. Prosperity = Urbanization & Luxuries
With the new booming economy Canadians were afforded more opportunities to enjoy the luxuries of life.
Telephone lines were becoming commonplace for all houses in cities.
Motorized vehicles were becoming affordable and popular.

29. Prosperity = Automobiles
The Custer car (right) was an early alternative fuel car and you can see from the pictures that it looked as if it came from Munchkin Land.

30. Professional Sports
Professional sports were also increasing in popularity