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Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing and Health Care
Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practices, 2E Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing and Health Care
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Nursing ... Is an art and a science Focuses not on illness but rather on a client’s response to illness Promotes health and helps clients move to a higher level of wellness Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Historical Overview To understand the present status of nursing, it is necessary to have a base of historical knowledge about the profession. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Evolution of Nursing Early Civilizations Ancient Greece Roman Empire Middle Ages Renaissance Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Florence Nightingale Was the founder of modern nursing Completed a 3-month course of study at the Kaiserwerth Institute Reduced mortality and morbidity during Britain’s Crimean War Established the Nightingale Training School in London Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Nursing and the Civil War
America’s need for nurses increased dramatically during the Civil War. Catholic sisters cared for soldiers. Dorothea Dix was appointed Superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army in 1861. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Nursing Pioneers Clara Barton Lillian Wald Jane Delano Isabel Hampton Robb Annie Goodrich Adelaide Nutting Lavinia Dock Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Nursing Leaders Mary Breckinridge Martha Franklin Amelia Greenwald Mamie Hale Mary Mahoney Harriet Neuton Phillips Linda Richards Margaret Sanger Shirley Titus Adah Belle Thoms Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Nursing in the 20th Century
Flexner Report: study of 155 medical schools in 1910 resulted in significant changes in medical education Adalaide Nutting proposed a similar study for nursing education. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Visiting Nurses Associations In 1901, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company entered into an agreement with the Henry Street Settlement to provide nursing services. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
In 1912, the Chicago Visiting Nurse Association developed a list of standing orders for nurses to follow in providing home care. These orders were used to direct nursing care in the absence of physician’s orders. This set the precedent for nursing protocols. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Landmark Reports in Nursing Education Goldmark Report Brown Report Institute of Research and Service in Nursing Education Report Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Selected Legislation Nurse Training Act (1964) Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 Amendments to the Social Security Act allowed nurse practitioners to be paid directly for their services. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Rural Health Clinic Service Act of 1977 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1980 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Contemporary Reports on Education and Practice National Commission on Nursing Nursing and Nursing Education: Public Policies and Private Actions Secretary’s Commission on Nursing Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Social Forces Affecting Nursing
health care services enhanced by Medicare and Medicaid nursing and physician shortages the inception of nurse practitioners Focus on health maintenance Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Professional autonomy for nurses was being debated. Nursing theories were being developed. Nursing education was being integrated into the university setting. Nurses were becoming more politically active through professional organizations. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Nurses became more specialized and autonomous. Nurse practitioners were being more widely accepted by the general public. Expanded roles for nurses were developed in response to greater demands for nursing services. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
The aging population called for more nursing involvement with the elderly. Nurses were increasingly involved in shaping policies for health care reform. Nursing was a stronger advocate for vulnerable populations: the elderly, those living in poverty, the homeless, those with HIV and AIDS. Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
Healthy People Initiatives Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in 1979 Healthy People 2000 Objectives Healthy People 2010 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
The Future of Nursing Nursing leaders need to communicate nursing’s position(s) on health care reform develop evidence-based practice that can be uniformly adopted in diverse nursing care settings monitor safe practice in a restructured health care environment implement policies to address the changes occurring in the nursing labor market Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning
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