1. Environmental Quiz Most recent update March 7, 2012

2. The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 7.0 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion

3. The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 7.0 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion

4. World Population 1850-2012 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2012.

5. The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,900 people per: month week day hour

6. The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,900 people per: month week day hour

7. Rate of Population Increase - 2012 Time UnitPopulation Increase Year 78,250,507 Month 6,520,876 Week 1,504,817 Day 213,799 Hour 8,908 Minute 148 Second 2.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Division, 2012.

8. The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.4 billion 11.5 billion

9. The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.4 billion 11.5 billion

10. World Population 1850-2050 (Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2012.

11. The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 313 million 459 million

12. The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 313 million 459 million

13. True (T) or False (F): United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2050.

15. Growth of U.S. Population, 1776- 2100 History Projection Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2012)

16. True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2050.

17. At a 5% annual growth rate the U.S. would surpass China’s current population (1.34 billion) by the year 2042. By 2050 the U.S. would have 1.5 x the number of people that China now does.

18. If the U.S. population were to continue its current rate of growth for the next 700 years, the population would increase to over 321 billion! (The current world population is 7.0 billion).

19. True (T) or False (F): Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years.

21. True (T) or False (F): The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today.

23. Due in part to domestic environmental concerns, the U.S. is a net importer of most categories of raw materials used to support our economy and lifestyle.  Most metals  Portland and masonry cement  Petroleum (the basis for plastics)  Wood and wood products

24. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material% ImportedPrincipal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Niobium 100 Brazil, Canada, Germany, Estonia Manganese 100S. Africa, Gabon, China, Australia Graphite 100China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil Strontium 100Mexico, Germany Bauxite/Alumina 100Jamaica, Brazil, Guinea, Australia Fluorspar 100Mexico, China, S. Africa, Mongolia Yttrium 100China, Japan, France Thallium 100Russia, Germany, Netherlands Rubidium 100Canada Asbestos 100Canada Quartz (crystal) 100China, Japan, Russia Thorium 100UK, France, India, Canada Tantalum 100Australia, China, Kazakhstan, Germany

25. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material% ImportedPrincipal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Arsenic (trioxide) 100Morocco, China, Belgium Indium 100China, Canada, Belgium, Japan Rare earth metals 100China, France, Japan, Austria Cesium 100Canada Mica (natural) 100China, Brazil, Belgium, India Gallium 99Germany, Canada, China, Ukraine Gemstones 99Israel, India, Belgium, S. Africa Bismuth 94Belgium, China, UK, Mexico Platinum Group 94S. Africa, Germany, UK, Canada Antimony 93China, Mexico, Belgium Germanium 90 Belgium, China, Russia, Germany Iodine 88Chile, Japan

26. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Rhenium 86 Chile, Netherlands Stone (dimension)85 Brazil, China, India, Turkey Diamond (dust, grit)85 China, Ireland, Russia, S. Korea Potash 83 Canada, Belarus, Russia Cobalt 81 Norway, Russia, China, Canada Titanium concentrates 81 S. Africa, Australia, Canada, Mozambique Zinc 77 Canada, Peru, Mexico, Ireland Silicon carbide77 China, Venezuela, Netherlands, Romania Barium (Barite) 76 China, India Tin 69 Peru, Bolivia, China, Indonesia Vanadium 69 S. Korea, Czech Rep., Canada, Austria Tungsten68 China, Canada, Germany, Bolivia Silver 65 Mexico, Canada, Peru, Chile Titanium (sponge)64 Kazakhstan, Japan, Ukraine, Russia

27. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material% ImportedPrincipal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Peat 59Canada Palladium 58 Russia, S. Africa, UK, Belgium Chromium 56 S. Africa, Kazakhstan, Russia, China Magnesium Cpds 53China, Canada, Austria, Australia Petroleum 49 Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico Venezuela, Nigeria Beryllium 47Kazakhstan, Kenya, Germany, Ireland Ferrosilicon 44China, Russia, Venezuela, Canada Lithium 43Chile, Argentina, China Nickel 43Canada, Russia, Australia, Norway Nitrogen (fixed) 43 Trinidad/Tobago, Russia, Canada Aluminum 38Canada, Russia, China, Mexico Magnesium Metal 34 Canada, Israel, China, Russia Gold 33Canada, Mexico, Peru, Chile

28. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material% ImportedPrincipal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Copper 30Chile, Canada, Peru, Mexico Lumber (softwood) 28 Canada, Chile, Sweden, Germany Mica (scrap/flake) 27Canada, China, India, Finland Garnet (industrial) 25India, Australia, China, Canada Perlite 25Greece Salt 24Canada, Chile, Mexico, The Bahamas Vermiculite 22China, S. Africa Sulfur 17Canada, Mexico, Venezuela Gypsum 15Canada, Mexico, Spain Phosphate rock 15Morocco Cement (Portland/msry) 8China, Canada, S. Korea, Taiwan Iron and steel 7Canada, EU, China, Mexico Pumice 7Greece, Italy, Iceland, Mexico

29. Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2010, and by Major Foreign Sources a/ b/ c/ d/ Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2006-09) Diamond (industrial) 3 Botswana, S. Africa, Nambia, India Lime 2 Canada, Mexico Stone (crushed) 1 Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas a/ Source of mineral data is U.S. Geological Survey. 2012. Mineral Commodity Survey. b/ Principal foreign sources arranged by most important supplier to the left, next most important to the right of that, and so on. c/ Petroleum data from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration 2012 (March). d/ Data for construction lumber from Random Lengths, 2011, 2012.

30. True (T) or False (F): The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel.

32. Annual U.S. Consumption of Various Raw Materials, 2010 Million Metric tons Million m 3 Roundwood 153 341 Industrial roundwood* 135 300 Cement 71 64 Steel 80 101 Plastics 40.6 35.8 Aluminum 3.5 1.3 Source: Data for wood from UNECE (2012); for cement, steel, and aluminum from the U.S. Geological Survey (2012); and for plastics from the American Plastics Council (2012). * Roundwood is the volume of all wood harvested. Industrial roundwood is the volume of wood used in making forest products; the difference is firewood.

33. In fact, more wood is used in the U.S. every year than all metals and all plastics combined!

34. True (T) or False (F): Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union.

36. Per Capita Energy Consumption in the U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008 Energy Consumption (kilograms of oil equivalent per person) United States7885.9 Finland (EU highest)6555.0 France4396.8 Germany4187.0 UK3894.6 E.U. Average3773.4

37. The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities.

38. The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities. Various estimates indicate that 60 to 85% of tropical deforestation today is due to permanent and shifting agriculture.

39. The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent

40. The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent

41. Forests now cover 72% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of European settlement 16002010 Forest - 1,100 million acres Forest - 751 million acres Source: USDA - Forest Service

42. True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907.

44. Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007 Thousand Acres Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).

45. True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.

46. CO 2 O2 Carbon

47. Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent.

48. Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent.

49. Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). (This is the most recent year for which national statistics are available) When net forest growth divided by removals = 1.0, timber inventories are neither expanding or declining.

50. Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 YearSoftwoodsHardwoodsTotal 19521.001.501.17 19621.251.651.55 19701.232.011.48 19761.252.251.54 19861.191.921.42 19911.151.751.33 19961.331.711.47 20011.331.711.47 20061.552.031.72 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009).

51. True (T) or False (F): As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood.

53. True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century.

54. In fact, the area covered by forests in the U.S. is increasing.

55. True (T) or False (F): In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind.

57. There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of logging activity in the United States.

58. True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas.

59. No harvesting is allowed in wilderness areas

60. True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years.

61. In fact, populations of each of these species within the U.S. have increased by at least 800 to 1,000 percent over the past 50 years.

63. True (T) or False (F): Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products.

65. The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products Net U.S. imports of wood and wood products amounted to 15-20 percent of total wood consumption and 28 percent of construction lumber consumed in 2011.

66. When waste paper exports are included in the net import calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood products drops to 2-3 percent.

67. As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2010 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 37 percent 63 percent 92 percent

68. As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2010 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 37 percent 63 percent 92 percent

69. Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2010. 14 percent 37 percent 63 percent 92 percent

70. Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2010. 14 percent 37 percent 63 percent 92 percent

71. True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more.

73. Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be reduced by about 12%.

74. True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete.

76. At a time when Society is seeking to more effectively harness solar energy, it turns out that one of our major raw materials – wood – is totally produced using solar energy.

77. And, very little additional energy is required to convert wood into useful products.

78. The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in environmental impacts. The impacts, however, differ considerably.

79. If, for example, an interior wall of a house is constructed using steel rather than wood studs, the result is a large increase in energy consumption and emissions to air and water.

80. Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall, Wood vs. Steel Comparative Energy Use (GJ) Wood Steel* Difference 3.8 11.5 3.0X * 30% recycled content. Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute.

81. Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood WallSteel Wall Difference CO 2 (kg),305 965 3.2X CO (g) 2,450 11,800 4.8X SO X (g) 400 3,700 9.3X NO X (g) 1,150 1,800 1.6X Particulates (g) 100 335 3.4X VOCs (g) 390 1,800 4.6X Methane (g), 4, 45 11.1X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute.

82. Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference Suspended solids (g)12,180 495,640 41X Non-ferrous metals (mg) 62 2,532 41X Cyanide (mg) 99 4,051 41X Phenols (mg) 17,715 725,994 41X Ammonia (mg) 1,310 53,665 41X Halogenated organics (mg) 507 20,758 41X Oil and grease (mg) 1,421 58,222 41X Sulphides (mg) 13 507 39X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute.