1. Module 9 Unit 3 Australia Using language

2. Listening Page 67 Discuss with a partner what is happening in each of the photographs below.

3. Surf lifesaving clubs are popular in Australia. They were originally formed to provide a rescue service for swimmers who get into danger on beaches. The clubs are voluntary organizations whose members patrol the beaches for free. As well as carrying out lifeguard duties, the clubs hold many social events and competitions related Background information

4. to the beach and swimming. Children between 7 and 15 can join as junior members, called nippers. The club provides activities for junior members at weekends and in the holidays. They receive training in lifesaving as well as taking part in healthy exercise at the beach. As much of Australia’s coastline can be dangerous for inexperienced swimmers, surf lifesavers determine the safest place for people

5. to swim and place flags on the beach to show people where it is safe. Bathers are encouraged to “swim between the flags. Businesses and the community in general raise money or donate equipment such as boat and canoes, sun shelters, lifesaving equipment and flags. On weekends, when volunteer lifesavers are at work, some town councils pay lifeguards to patrol the most popular beaches.

6. Several times during the summer, surf lifesaving clubs hold carnivals at which they display their lifesaving skills and hold competitions between different clubs. Each club has a different uniform, consisting of a swimming costume and a T-shirt. Lifesavers also wear caps in their club colors so that they can be easily identified when they are in the water.

7. Surf lifesaving boat Nippers marching Surf board rescue and flag SurfersRescue boatNippers and flag Activity 2

8. Activity 3 1.What part of Australia does Ross come from? Tasmania. 2. When Ross lived in Australia, what did he kike to do each evening? He kikes to surf.

9. 3. How much does the government pay the surf lifesavers who keep the beaches safe? It costs nothing. Surf lifesavers are volunteers, they work for free.

10. 4. How old are nippers and what do they do? They are between 7 and 15. They train to be lifesavers and take part in games and competitions.

11. 3. What was Ross’s favorite activity at the surf club? He liked to go to parties.

12. Listen once more and give your definition. 1.surf 2. surf lfesaver 3. surf lifesaving club 4. nipper 5.ironman/woman competition

13. surf (v.) : to ride the waves into the beach on a surf board; surf (n.) the waves in the sea that are close to the shore and have white foam on the top. surf lifesaver: someone who rescue people who get in trouble in the waves

14. surf lifesaving club: a social and sports cub that patrols beaches to keep swimmers safe. nipper: a junior member of a surf lifesaving club (between 7 and 15 years old)

15. ironman/woman competition: a competition of three different races--- a swim, a foot race and a paddling race in a canoe or on surf board.

16. Listening text Carol (C) and Ross (R) both go to university in England. They meet up after lectures one day and decide to go for a coffee. R: Ooh. That’s better. It was cold out there ! Look there’s a table over there by the fire. C: Great. I’ll get the coffee and you grab the table.

17. R: Thanks, Carol. I’ll get the next one. C: Fine, so how do you like this cold. R: Well, I come from Tasmania so I’m used to cold winter weather. But it’s summer over there at the moment and I’d sure like to be there. C: What would you be doing if you were at home?

18. R: I’d probably be heading down to the beach. I go down there most evenings to surf. C: Oh, so you surf, do you. R: Yeah. I’ve been surfing since I was a nipper. C: A what? R: Oh, sorry. That’s what we call junior lifesavers back home.

19. C: (laughs) Hang on. What’s a junior lifesaver?. R: Well, you know how we have lifesavers on all our popular beaches? C: No, I didn’t know that. It must cost the government a lot of money to put lifesavers on so many beaches.

20. R: No. They are volunteers. It’s like a sports cub. They train to save lives and when they aren’t watching over the people on the beach they have all sorts of competitions with other clubs. C: Like what?

21. R: Well, they have surf lifeboats that they go out to rescue people and at carnivals, they race with boats from other clubs. And then there are ironmenand women competition. C: I have seen them on television. It’s three races, isn’t it? A swim, a foot race and a race paddling a canoe or a surfboard.

22. R: Yes that’s right. Surf lifesaving clubs also have lots of other competitions and social events. C: So nippers are the young surf lifesavers? R: Yeah. They’re between 7 and 15 They are training to be lifesavers when they are older, and they have all sorts of games and competitions suitable for their age group.

23. C: So were you eve an iron man? R: (laugh) Not me. I was too much into having a good time at surf club parties. C: Yes, I can imagine that …

24. Speaking & Listening Pre- listening (Discussion) P71 1.Why do countries have flags? 2.What can flags tell you about a country? Think of some examples. 3.What does China’s national flag tell us? 4.What other organizations do you know that have flags? What do they use them for?

25. 1.Why do countries have flags? A flag usually stands as a symbol for that country. It can remind people of some important values the nation holds or something of its history or culture. It is used on official occasions to identify the nation to the rest of the world.

26. 2. What can flags tell you about a country? Think of some examples. They can tell people about the nations, history, values or culture. For example, the stars on the US flag represent the states in the union. The cross on the Greek flag symbolizes Christianity. The maple leaf on the Canadian flag is the national emblem of Canada.

27. 3. What does China’s national flag tell us ? The red color in the Chinese National flag stands for the revolution, while the gold color of the stars signifies the dawn of a new era over the land. The five stars grouped together symbolize the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Chinese communist party.

28. 4. What other organizations do you know that have flags? What do they use them for? Red Cross Society, the Olympic Games, companies, etc.

29. What elements do several of the flags have in common? In what ways could these common elements be connected to Australia? Which flag is the official flag of Australia? What do you think the other flags are?

30. June is giving a talk about Australian flags and what they tell people about the history and culture of Australia. Listen and write down the numbers of the flag in the order you hear about them. listening

31. 1 ________ 2 ________ 3 ________ 4 ________

32. Note-taking Australian flag:______________________ ____________________________________ Aboriginal flag:______________________ ____________________________________ Eureka flag:_________________________ ____________________________________ Kangaroo flag:_______________________ ____________________________________

33. Listening text June is giving a talk about Australian flags and what they tell people about about the history and culture of Australia. Good afternoon, everyone. My hobby is collecting flags from all over the world. I love flags for two reasons. The first is that they are beautiful and the second is that you can learn a lot about the culture and history of a country by studying its flags. Today I’d like

34. to show you some Australian flags and discuss their significance. Now, this is one is the official Australian flag. It was chosen in 1901 following a competition to design a flag especially for Australia. Before that date Australia had the same flag as Great Britain. The British flag is now in the top left quarter of the Australian flag to remind people of Australia's historical ties with Great Britain. The five stars represent the Southern Cross

35. which is an important group of five stars in the Southern hemisphere. Navigators use the Southern Cross to show them the direction of the South Pole. The other big star under the British flag represents the six states and the combined territories of Australia. This flag has been the official Aboriginal flag since 1995. The black in the top half of the flag symbolizes the Aboriginal people themselves, while the red at the bottom

36. symbolizes the earth and the Aboriginal people's spiritual connection to the earth. The yellow circle in the middle represents the sun, the giver of life. This next flag was first flown in 1854 at a place called Eureka where a group of gold miners rebelled against the government. The incident is seen by many as the beginning of the movement towards democracy in Australia. The five stars represents the Southern Cross and the light

37. blue background is believed to represent the blue shirts that many of the gold miners wore. Although not an official flag, it is recognized and loved by most Australians. This is another flag that you often see in Australia, especially at sporting events. The kangaroo is recognized as the unofficial animal emblem of Australia and green and gold are the colors worn by many Australian sporting teams when they travel overseas.

38. The flag first became popular in 1983 when it was flown on Australia’s entry to the America’s cup --- a famous yacht race which Australia won that year. Some people feel it s time to change Australia's official flag because it is no longer appropriate to have the British flag in the most important part of the flag. The other flags you see here were designed for a competition for a new flag but so far none have been accepted.

39. Speaking In groups, discuss the four designs for a new flag. What does each of the new flags tell you about Australia? Which one do you think is the best?

40. In groups, discuss what symbols you would put on a flag for your school, Then design a suitable flag. Show your design to the rest of the class and explain it.

41. Talking Page 50 Discuss what does each signs mean. Use expressions like: You’re not allowed… You mustn’t … You can/can’t … You have to… You should… It’s OK to… Be careful … Look out!

43. Reading task Page72 The computers at Susan’s school are all connected to each other and the school has an online notice board where students can ask questions and give their opinions. Susan posted a question about the discovery of Australia on the online board. Read the questions and what her fellow students replied.

44. Discovery of Australia 40,000 + years ago People from Asia settled in the place we now call Australia. 1421 Some people think a Chinese fleet led by Zheng He may have visited Australia 1606 A Dutch sea captain first mapped the north coast.

45. Discovery of Australia 1644 Abel Tasman made a map on which he combined all know land and guessed the rest. 1770 Captain Cook sailed up the east coast of the continent 1802 Mathew Flinders sailed around the continent, mapped in and called it Australia.

46. DiscussionDiscussion 1.Why do you think school children in Australia in the 1950s were told that Captain Cook discovered Australia? Captain Cook claimed the land for Britain and as Australia was originally settled by people form Britain, this is the part of the history that they were taught.

47. 2. Why does Mary White think European explorers didn’t discover the Australian continent until the 17th century? Before 1644, explorers didn’t know they had found a continent. They just visited small parts of it.

48. 3. Why does Nick chance think Chinese explorers reached the continent so much earlier? He read about Chinese explorers on the Internet.

49. 4. Patrick Hall says that the ancestors of the Aborigines discovered Australia at least 40, 000 years ago. Why do you think the other children didn’t give this answer? They may have thought that Aborigines always lived on the continent so they didn’t think they discovered it.

50. 5. Which of the student's answers do you agree with and why? Remember, that you first need to decide what “ discovered” means and what “ Australia” mean. Many possible answers will depend on how students interpret discovered and Australia.

51. Since you’ve learned so much about Australia in this Unit, choose several aspects that you think are interesting to write a report (e.g. its animals, plant, scenery, cities, beaches, people, leisure actives, history or something else).