1. Cloud Computing
Why is it called the cloud?

3. Clouds and VM First step to learning about cloud is Virtualization
Taking VM from your desktop to cloud is our goal (which will not be easy, but we will make it happen)
Scaling and why it matters to have many VM ?
Connecting VM’s and what is an appliance ?
Discussion on VM <-> Cloud

4. What is a Virtual Machine?
Classic Definition (Popek and Goldberg ’74)
VMM Properties
Fidelity
Performance
Safety and Isolation

5. What is a Virtual Machine?
Software Abstraction
Behaves like hardware
Encapsulates all OS and application state
Virtualization Layer
Extra level of indirection
Decouples hardware, OS
Enforces isolation
Multiplexes physical hardware across VMs
Host OS and Guest OS

6. Virtualization Properties
Isolation
Fault isolation
Performance isolation
Encapsulation
Cleanly capture all VM state
Enables VM snapshots, clones
Portability
Independent of physical hardware
Enables migration of live, running VMs
Interposition
Transformations on instructions, memory, I/O
Enables transparent resource overcommitment, encryption, compression, replication …

7. Cloud Concepts
It is critical to build a scalable architecture in order to take advantage of a scalable infrastructure
Identify the monolithic components and bottlenecks in your architecture
Identify the areas where you cannot leverage the on-demand provisioning capabilities
Refactor your application in order to leverage the scalable aspects
Scalability flavors:
Vertical Scaling
Horizontal Scaling
Elasticity and finding the happy medium
Think parallel and decoupled!

8. Cloud terms
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consistingof a collection of inter-connected and virtualized computersthat are dynamically provisioned and presented as one ormore unified computing resource(s) based on service-levelagreements established through negotiation between theservice provider and consumers.'
Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. Buyaa et al.
Image/Appliance: a software image containing a software stack designed to run on a virtual machine.
Instance: an image/appliance running in a virtual machine

9. NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
US Department of Commerce
Essential Characteristics
Service Models
Deployment Models
Commercial Terms of Service

10. Cloud: Essential Characteristics
On-demand self-service: Client can provision resources as needed in an automatic fashion without human interaction with provider
Broad network access: Resources are accessible through the internet
Resource pooling: Provider’s resources are pooled to serve multiple clients. Resources can be reassigned as needed
Rapid elasticity: Resources can be provisioned rapidly
Measured service: Resource usage/allocation is monitored/metered for each client

11. Cloud: Service Models
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications through cloud infrastructure for clients to access through thin-clients (e.g. web- browser)
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides infrastructure for applications deployed by the client (e.g. provides an operating system)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software (e.g. client installs an operating system)

12. Cloud: Deployment Models
Private cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a single organization. (e.g., UA’s cloud for IT services)
Community cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a specific community. (e.g., iPlant’s cloud)
Public cloud: Cloud infrastructure open for use by the general public (e.g., Amazon)
Hybrid cloud: Cloud infrastructure that is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures as listed above that remain unique entities

13. Distributing complete software stacks 13

14. What is inside ?

15. Parts of Openstack Nova: primary computing engine Swift: objects store
Cinder: block storage
Neutron: networking capability
Keystone: identity services
Glance: image mgmt services
Ceilometer: telemetry services
Heat: orchestration component
Horizon: Web UI

16. What are we using ? Openstack Havanaml
Learn more about Openstack beginners-guide
Next class hands on cloud !

17. How much does it cost?

18. How much does it cost? http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html
You have 2 TB of data.
You make the computational data parallel (Different chunks of data may be processed simultaneously).
You want to process it, but it takes one core and 4GB of RAM 10h to process 200MB of data (RAM usage scales linearly with data).
How much will it cost to process all the data in 1 hour?
Note: the final output is 100MB. How much does cost to transfer the data to AWS and transfer the results back?
What is the difference between using the East Coast versus the West Coast facilities?

19. FutureGrid! https://portal.futuregrid.org/tutorials Do Tutorials:
Tutorial Topic 0: Accessing FutureGrid Resources
Tutorial Topic 1: Using OpenStack Grizzly on FutureGrid