1. Oxfam UK Satellite Technology in Emergencies

2. Potential? Mobilising for an emergency response is often conducted against a background of uncertainties. Mobilising for an emergency response is often conducted against a background of uncertainties. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, military action and other events are mostly unpredictable. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, military action and other events are mostly unpredictable. Time is Lives! Time is Lives! Timely satellite information could be very important. A same day service might be possible? Timely satellite information could be very important. A same day service might be possible?

3. University of Surrey ~ UniS The University builds small satellites via a company known as Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). SSTL is a commercial organisation under the ownership of the University. The University builds small satellites via a company known as Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). SSTL is a commercial organisation under the ownership of the University. CEHE is a WHO Collaborating Centre and has been pleased to collaborate & research widely with the Relief Agency Community. Brian Clarke is totally non-commercial and attempts to do things at little or no cost to relief agencies. CEHE is a WHO Collaborating Centre and has been pleased to collaborate & research widely with the Relief Agency Community. Brian Clarke is totally non-commercial and attempts to do things at little or no cost to relief agencies.

4. Experienced Pairing? SSTL is actually building and launching the first Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) at this time! SSTL is actually building and launching the first Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) at this time! CEHE has completed satellite technology linked projects in the past. CEHE has completed satellite technology linked projects in the past.

5. Typical CEHE Research Project Land use assessment in St Lucia carried out using Spot and LandSat images. Land use assessment in St Lucia carried out using Spot and LandSat images. Ground truth verification at 40 sites. Ground truth verification at 40 sites. Image processing and classification into 15 land use/cover categories. Image processing and classification into 15 land use/cover categories. Objectives included to support catchment protection for sustainable water supply. Objectives included to support catchment protection for sustainable water supply.

6. Decisions 1 ? Where? How big? How many? Predicted conditions? Water supply? There are periods in an emergency where time is a critical factor and decision making can only be crudely aimed at saving lives. Where? How big? How many? Predicted conditions? Water supply? There are periods in an emergency where time is a critical factor and decision making can only be crudely aimed at saving lives. Decision making often has to be taken against a background of uncertainties. Decision making often has to be taken against a background of uncertainties.

7. Decisions 2? Can satellite surveillance help at the moment? Can satellite surveillance help at the moment? Satellite surveillance is a rapidly changing technology, what about the next generation? Satellite surveillance is a rapidly changing technology, what about the next generation? What about the Constellation? What about the Constellation?

8. Data Processing System SSTL - UniS Data Interpretation System:CEHE - UniS Report to Relief Agencies GIS System?G

9. Current Micro-satellite Technology Could spot flooding, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, drought, large scale human activity. Could spot flooding, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, drought, large scale human activity. The next generation of satellites will spot small congregations of people. The next generation of satellites will spot small congregations of people. Very good at determining catchment characteristics. Very good at determining catchment characteristics. Skill in data interpretation very important. Skill in data interpretation very important.

10. Selection of Source Water Catchment surveillance an important matter. Catchment surveillance an important matter. Recognise the impact of other factors on water treatment and supply. Recognise the impact of other factors on water treatment and supply. Never forget the environmental footprint of watsan activities. Never forget the environmental footprint of watsan activities.

11. SURREY SPACE CLUB Surrey Small Satellites and International Collaboration SSTL has built and launched 20 satellites in 20 years trained 12 nations to design & build their own satellite

12. Satellites offer global monitoring Disaster MonitoringDisaster Monitoring –Flood, Drought, Landslide, Tsunami, Earthquake, Volcanoes, Cyclone Disaster AssessmentDisaster Assessment –Central Government & Insurance Companies Dynamic Earth Observation ( fast changing phenomena )Dynamic Earth Observation ( fast changing phenomena ) –Oil leakage & pollution, Drug crops, Agriculture, Oil pipelines, Forest, Water Single satellites provide inadequate revisit times Constellations have been too financially demanding

13. EO systems in operation Satellite Revisit time Visible & NIR resolution (GSD) Thermal Infrared Hyper spectral Synthetic Aperture Radar Radar altimeter JERS-1 44 days 24m LANDSAT -5 17 days 30m SPOT-3 14 days 20m LANDSAT-7 17 days 30m SPOT-4 14 days 20m ENVISAT 17 days 30m Ikonos 12 days 1m RADARSAT 10 days  DMC 1 day 32m

14. World-wide efforts on International Global Observing System Co-ordinating existing satellite resources Co-ordinating existing satellite resources ESA & CNES Charter for Disaster Monitoring ESA & CNES Charter for Disaster Monitoring CEOS & IGOS CEOS & IGOS EC GMES EC GMES Independent EC study concludes that constellation of low cost small satellites is only viable solution to achieve frequent revisit Independent EC study concludes that constellation of low cost small satellites is only viable solution to achieve frequent revisit

15. First constellation implemented - DMC n Disaster Monitoring Constellation –5 - 7 satellites –Multispectral imager –600km swath width –32m ground sampling distance –Daily revisit n Novel international partnership –Each satellite owned by one nation

16. DMC partners Space partners Algeria Nigeria UK China Thailand Associate space partner Turkey Disaster relief partner Reuters AlertNet Aspiring space partner Vietnam Market evaluation partner ESYS

17. DMC Image size  A tile is the smallest unit.  2500 x 2500 pixels (approx 80 km x 80 km)  Ground size varies slightly dependent on position in swath. approximate scale only 80x80km tiles UoSAT-12  Onboard data storage  Sized for 11 minute downlink  Holds 24 tiles  Scenes of 4 tiles can be targeted 5 satellites – 400 - 600 image tiles/day

18. What will the first DMC output be like? UoSAT-12: 32m 4-band (Paraguay) Deforestation Illegal crops? Flooding would show very clearly

24. Reuters Alertnet – Independent n Independent news agency –The Reuters Trust Principles state: “Reuters is dedicated to preserving its independence, integrity and freedom from bias in the gathering and dissemination of news and information.” –Provide information to Humanitarian Aid Agencies n Coordinating image requests n Extracting information n Add information to images n Deliver via Website –www.alertnet.org Partner Detail

25. DMC Manufacture Schedule

26. Follow-on missions Earthquake prediction Earthquake prediction Higher Resolution Optical Micro- & Mini-satellites Higher Resolution Optical Micro- & Mini-satellites SAR Minisatellites SAR Minisatellites IR Imaging Minisatellites IR Imaging Minisatellites Hyper-spectral Microsatellites Hyper-spectral Microsatellites LEqO or NEqO Microsatellites LEqO or NEqO Microsatellites Navigation constellations Navigation constellations Ocean colour Ocean colour Re-build commercially viable constellations Re-build commercially viable constellations Call for participation every three years for low cost small satellite constellations Small nations/organisations play an important role in space

27. Last Thoughts The Disaster Monitoring Constellation is going to be launched. It represents a new way. Do we want to talk with the stakeholders? The Disaster Monitoring Constellation is going to be launched. It represents a new way. Do we want to talk with the stakeholders? If we give active support (non-financial) to a CEHE~SSTL bid for research funds it may be possible to use DMC 1 technology to develop a system for data processing and interpretation that gives a timely view of major emergencies. If we give active support (non-financial) to a CEHE~SSTL bid for research funds it may be possible to use DMC 1 technology to develop a system for data processing and interpretation that gives a timely view of major emergencies.

28. Last Thoughts 2 What about DMC 2? What about DMC 2? Control over some systems prevent satellite scenes of “Jenin” style emergencies from being available. Control over some systems prevent satellite scenes of “Jenin” style emergencies from being available. The next generation of small satellites will provide a much higher resolution (1-2m?) and could be designed to see through cloud The next generation of small satellites will provide a much higher resolution (1-2m?) and could be designed to see through cloud (via SAR etc.) (via SAR etc.)

29. Last Thoughts 3 Should we seek to promote the concept of a Euro-constellation that has only educational, non-commercial and humanitarian applications. Should we seek to promote the concept of a Euro-constellation that has only educational, non-commercial and humanitarian applications. Individual satellites would need to be funded by partner countries? Individual satellites would need to be funded by partner countries?