Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Science and technology in the environment

Published byLauren Dixon Modified over 8 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Science and technology in the environment"— Presentation transcript:

1 Science and technology in the environment
14.01 Define terms relating to science and technology and environmental science, natural resources, and conservation

2 General Terms Organism – any living thing
Biological Science – the study of living organisms Cell – the basic building block of life Life span – the period of life of an organism Life process – a function or activity essential for the living condition Living condition – the presence of life processes in an organism Growth – the process of an organism increasing in size. Repair – the replacement of worn or damaged parts. Earth Science – a science the deals with the earth and the area surrounding it Evolution – the process of growth development and change Atmosphere - the air that surrounds the earth.

3 Basic life processes 14.02 – Describe basic life processes in relation to structures of living organisms.

4 Cells All organisms are made of cells, similar to a building being made of blocks A cell is the basic building block of life.

5 Structure Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleoli Cytoplasm
Rigid cover that gives a cell shape and protects it Cell membrane Thin structure that separates the cell from its surroundings and controls movement of materials in and out of the cell. What adjective describes the membrane? Nucleus Controls cell functions Nucleoli Bodies within the nucleus that contain protein and RNA Cytoplasm Material inside the cell between the cell membrane and nucleus

6 Animal and Plant Cell

7 Life span Stages of Life
Beginning – when life begins Growing – when young organisms grow quickly by increasing the number and size of cells Maturing – when an organism is fully developed Growth stops except for repair and replacement of cells When reproduction occurs Declining – after maturity, when an organism begins to lose its ability to maintain itself. Also called AGING Dying – when life processes stop. DEATH occurs. Life spans vary. Few minutes or hours to thousands of years, depending on organism.

8 Life processes Growth and Repair
Needed for an organism to mature and remain healthy Assimilation The process of changing food substances into new living material Growth The process of an organism increasing in size Mitosis When cells divide to produce cells for growth and repair Repair The replacement of worn or damaged parts.

9 Life Processes Food Acquisition and Use All organisms must have food
Metabolism – all the chemical reactions in the body Ingestion – process of animals taking in food Digestion – the process that changes food into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the cells Absorption – transfer of nutrients from digestive system to bloodstream Elimination – the removal of an unabsorbed food remain from the body Solid material = feces Liquid material = urine

10 Life Processes Digestive system types Monogastric Ruminant
Stomach with one compartment, needs more concentrated foods Examples: Birds, monkeys, and swine Ruminant Stomach with multiple compartments, has different forms Enables animals to digest roughage Examples Cow, sheep,

11 Life processes Movement Locomotion
Means to change location through an outside factor or to move parts. Locomotion The ability to move from one place to another

12 Circulation Movement of metabolic material from one location to another in an organism Plants have Vascular systems Xylem conducts water (H2O) and nutrients Phloem conducts food from where it’s made to throughout the plant.

13 Life processes Respiration Two main functions External respiration
Exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by an organism with its environment, often simply called breathing. Also called mechanical respiration Internal respiration Occurs inside the organism and is the movement of gasses across living tissues by diffusion In animals, it happens in the lungs.

14 Life processes Secretion
Process of releasing substances from a living cell or glands Examples: Tears from eyes Saliva in the mouth

15 Life processes Sensations The detection of a stimulus by an organism
Five senses Sight Hearing Touch Taste Smell Organisms respond to their environment based on information from their sensors.

16 Life processes Excretion Removal of wastes from a cell or an organism
From kidneys = urine From digestive system = feces

17 Life processes Reproduction
Process of forming new individuals Most is by sexual means, involving a male and female

18 Structures of living organisms
Unicellular organisms Carry out life within a single cell

19 Structures of living organisms
Multi-cellular organisms All have many cells. Most have millions of cells Not all cells are alike Cell specialization Cells are different so they can do specific functions Tissue Group of cells that are alike Organs A collection of tissues that work together to perform certain functions Organ Systems Organs working together to perform an activity

20 Structures of living organisms
Animal Structure Made of many cells Can move about Get their food from other sources (heterotrophic) Skeletal System Part of the body made of bones, etc. Two types Vertebrates – animals with backbones Examples: humans, deer Invertebrates – animals without backbones Examples: insects, shrimp, and earthworms.

21 Structures of living organisms
Animal Structure Vital Organ Systems – needed for an animal to live Muscular Nervous Circulatory Respiratory Excretory Digestive Reproductive

22 Structures of living organism
Plant Structure Vegetative parts work together to carry out life processes Roots Anchor plant and take in water and nutrients Stems Support plant and transport material Leaves Make food by photosynthesis Reproduction Sexually – seed formation in the flower Asexually – using a plant part to produce another plant

23 Scientific classification
14.03 – Classify living things by their scientific name and environmental role

24 Scientific classification
Classified by their similarities and differences System shows the biological relationships and differences of organisms Major divisions or stages are: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Species Genus Divisions become more specific from kingdom to species

25

26 Kingdom All organisms are classified into five kingdoms Monera
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

27 Kingdom monera Monerans Tiny one-celled organisms
Prokaryotic, meaning cells lack a nucleus Examples are Bacteria Blue-green algae

28 Kingdom Protista Protists One-cell organisms
More advance than monerans Examples Amoeba Paramecia

29 Kingdom fungi Fungi More complex than monerans and protists
Cannot make their own food, but instead absorb it from their surroundings. Examples Yeast Mildew Mushrooms

30 Kingdom plantae Plants Many (multi) celled organisms
Make their food by photosynthesis Small examples are moss and duckweed Large examples are trees Cells have cell walls

31 Kingdom Animalia Animals Many multi-celled organisms
About a million species Small examples are spiders and wasps Large examples are whales and elephants No cell walls in cells Food is obtained by eating plants and other animals. Can move about (locomotion). Plants cannot move about.

32 Nomenclature System of names for organisms
Binomial nomenclature (two names) Genus (first) and species (second) Written in italics, or underlined Used to prevent confusion with other organisms Used universally Examples Sugar maple is Acer saccharum Blue Spruce is Picea picaungens Cardinal is Cardinalis cardinals Human is Homo sapiens

33 nomenclature Additional classifications Breed Variety Cultivar
A way to separate plants that are similar, but not identical Cultivar Specific group within a species that are different, but will breed true Example Some flowers sometimes come in different colors within the same species Breed Species of animals with easily identifiable characteristics.

34 Environmental role classification
Different roles in the environment by organisms Producer An organism that takes nutrients and energy from non-living sources and makes them into food Autotrophs Plants Consumer An organism that feeds on producers Heterotrophs Animals Decomposer Organism that breaks down the bodies of dead plants and animals Bacteria and mushrooms All consumers are decomposers Examples – buzzards, lions, and squirrels.

Download ppt "Science and technology in the environment"

Similar presentations

Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things
The Kingdoms of Life.

The Kingdoms of Life.
Characteristics of Living Things and Classification

Characteristics of Living Things and Classification
Which type of plant is most closely related to flowering plants?

Which type of plant is most closely related to flowering plants?
Lesson. Interest Approach Get into small groups of three or four. Each group needs to develop a list containing examples of two common plants and animals.

Lesson. Interest Approach Get into small groups of three or four. Each group needs to develop a list containing examples of two common plants and animals.
LIFE FUNCTIONS.

LIFE FUNCTIONS.
Riddles! I don’t walk, I slither,

Riddles! I don’t walk, I slither,
Multicellular Organisms Cell Teamwork: The Processes of Life.

Multicellular Organisms Cell Teamwork: The Processes of Life.
Introduction to Classification. Why do we classify things? To organize To organize To see relationships between organisms To see relationships between.

Introduction to Classification. Why do we classify things? To organize To organize To see relationships between organisms To see relationships between.
Classifying Living Things. The Six Kingdoms Let us name the six kingdoms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia.

Classifying Living Things. The Six Kingdoms Let us name the six kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia.
Classification grouping of different types of organisms based upon similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships.

Classification grouping of different types of organisms based upon similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships.
Identifying Differences Between Plants and Animals

Identifying Differences Between Plants and Animals
Www.juniorscience.ie 1C1 Living things OB41identify the basic processes and characteristics common to all living organisms: nutrition, respiration, excretion,

1C1 Living things OB41identify the basic processes and characteristics common to all living organisms: nutrition, respiration, excretion,
Domains The 3 Domains are Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryota (Eukarya) Each Domain includes 1 or more Kingdoms Domains are bigger than Kingdoms Archaea.

Domains The 3 Domains are Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryota (Eukarya) Each Domain includes 1 or more Kingdoms Domains are bigger than Kingdoms Archaea.
Scientists classify organisms by comparing their physical and chemical characteristics. There are three domains that represent the largest differences.

Scientists classify organisms by comparing their physical and chemical characteristics. There are three domains that represent the largest differences.
What are living things like?

What are living things like?
Classification grouping of different types of organisms based upon similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships.

Classification grouping of different types of organisms based upon similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships.
What Kingdom this organism belong to?

What Kingdom this organism belong to?
CELLS. __________ organisms are made up of just one cell Examples are __________________________ This cell can live on its own in the absence of other.

CELLS. __________ organisms are made up of just one cell Examples are __________________________ This cell can live on its own in the absence of other.
I. Multicellular organisms have cells that are specialized. –Different jobs in multicellular organisms are done by different cells cells are specialized.

I. Multicellular organisms have cells that are specialized. –Different jobs in multicellular organisms are done by different cells cells are specialized.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google