1. Events & Causes leading up to the Civil War SOL 7

2. What do you think caused/ led up to the war? ?

3. Events leading up to the Civil War Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – Made it easier/ faster to clean cotton, So they planted more

4. Events… Liberator was published – Anti-slavery newspaper – William Lloyd Garrison

5. Events… Nullification Crisis (1828 – 1832) – John C. Calhoun v. Andrew Jackson – SC was angry over high tariffs – SC threatened to secede – Henry Clay was able lower tariffs & SC backed down

6. Events… Mexican-American War (1846 – 1848) – Acquisition of new territory Debate over whether slavery should be allowed Compromise of 1850 – Got rid of the Missouri Compromise Line of 1820. Allowed CA to enter as a free state.

7. Compromise of 1850

8. Events… Fugitive Slave Laws – Part of the Compromise of 1850 – Allowed slave owners to hunt/ track escaped slaves up north – Endangered not only slaves, but free blacks in north

9. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

10. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

11. Creation of the Republican Party, 1854 -Northern Whigs. -Northern Democrats. -Free-Soilers. -Know-Nothings. -Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. -Northern Whigs. -Northern Democrats. -Free-Soilers. -Know-Nothings. -Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

12. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

13. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

14. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

15. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 -Owner/ master moved to free territory. After a few years (& after his master died) he sued for his freedom. -Decided that blacks had no rights/ weren’t citizens. So, he couldn’t sue. -Claimed slaves were property & if the judge made him free he’d be violating the 5 th amendment (dealing with property). -A few months after the decision, he was granted his freedom. -6 months after that he died.

16. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

17. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 Who: A. Lincoln and S. Douglas What: 7 debates in which Lincoln speaks out against the Dred Scott case. Douglas defends Popular sovereignty in the Freeport doctrine Where: Through out IL Why: to gain a bid for the Senate seat and possibly the Presidency and give candidates statewide exposure Outcome: Douglas “wins” by a slight margin. However Lincoln will gain exposure as an Anti-slavery candidate and will join the Republican Party.

18. Stephen Douglas Popular Sovereignty?

19. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

20. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

21. Who: John Brown and 20 others What: A plan to liberate slaves by supplying Them with guns Where: Harpers Ferry VA Why: To seize the federal arsenal, give guns to near by slaves, and start a rebellion to end slavery Reactions: South is alarmed by threats of revolt, viewed Brown as a fanatic, North sees him as a hero.

22. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

23. Republican Party Platform in 1860 - Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. -Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. -No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. -Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. -Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. -Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. - Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. -Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. -No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. -Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. -Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. -Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

24. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

25. 1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

26. How did each of these contribute to the onset of the Civil War? ?

27. Was the Civil War inevitable? Why or why not?

28. Would you add anything to the list? ?

29. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

30. Causes of the Civil War A.Sectional debate over tariffs - North favored high tariffs, South opposed them B. Extension of slavery in the territories -Balance of free to slave states C. Nature of the Union (States’ rights v. Federal Rights/ Power)

31. Causes of the Civil War… D. Northern abolitionists v. southern defenders of slavery -Contradictions between slavery & democracy E. Southern Fears: -Loss of political strength by the South in Congress -Southern fear that North was out to change/ destroy their way of life F. US Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case

32. Causes of the Civil War… G. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe H. Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s I. A history of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories J. President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

33. The Civil War 1861-1865 -The Civil War put constitutional government to its most important test as the debate over the power of the federal government versus states’ rights reached a climax. - The survival of the United States as one nation was at risk, and the nation’s ability to bring to reality the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice depended on the outcome of the war.

34. The Civil War 1861-1865 -Considered a minority President (40% of the vote). - Immediately following the election of Lincoln South Carolina is the first Southern state to secede (leave) the Union, followed by several other Southern states. - The South believed that Lincoln would attempt to abolish slavery.

35. The Civil War 1861-1865 Out of 34 total states, 11 Southern states secede and 23 states remain loyal to the Union The secession of Southern states triggered a long and costly war that concluded with Northern victory and resulted in the restoration of the Union and emancipation of the slaves

36. Why did the Southern states secede? Think-Pair-Share and Answer the following questions. Did any state have a right to leave the Union? Was Lincoln right to use military force to keep the Union intact?

37. What were the major military and political events of the Civil War? - Election of Lincoln (1860), followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery. (P) -Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861, Opening confrontation of the Civil War, CSA fires the first shots on the Federal fort in the harbor of Charlestown SC. (M)

38. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

39. Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Turning Point of the Civil War Ended Lee’s invasion of the North

40. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox April 9, 1865

41. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? A.Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary

42. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? B.Jefferson Davis: U.S. Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America

43. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? C. Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed

44. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? D. Robert E. Lee: Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia Most famous American General of all time. Brilliant military leader, Lincoln wanted to hire him! Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force He urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after surrender at Appomattox

45. Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? E. Frederick Douglass: Former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army

46. The Emancipation Proclamation

47. Emancipation Proclamation Issued after the battle of Antietam, Lincoln needed a Union victory before freeing the slaves. Freed those slaves located in “rebelling” states (seceded Southern states) Made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim Discouraged any interference of foreign governments Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army

49. Lincoln’s Beliefs US was one nation indivisible Secession was illegal so the Southern states never really left the Union Believed that reunification should not punish the south but should act "with malice toward none, with charity for all, to bind the nation's wounds."