1. THE CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT

2. USA in 1845 America wants to Expand – our… “Manifest Destiny” 1836 – TX wins independence (Alamo) 1845 – USA finally ready to annex TX Mexico threatened by this – threatens USA

3. Battle of the Alamo 1836 – TX Independence

4. The Mexican-American War USA thinks Rio Grande River is border Mexico thinks Nueces River as border US President James K. Polk orders US troops into disputed zone – pick a fight Strategy works

5. War Events US Conquest of CA – “Bear Flag Revolt” Gen. Taylor invades Mexico Wins Battle of Buena Vista Siege of Mexico City – Gen. Scott Forces Santa Anna to Surrender Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – (1848) ENDS WAR

6. Gen. Zachary & Gen. Antonio Lopez Taylor de Santa Anna

9. So USA Gets Much More Land!!! Good… Right??? Fuels slavery land debate Wilmot Proviso – no slavery in lands won in Mexican-American War (voted down) A. Compromise of 1850 B. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 –Bleeding Kansas C. Dred Scott Decision

10. d. JOHN BROWN’S RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY ARSENAL

11. e. THE ELECTION OF 1860 South has No Political Power

12. ELECTION VOTING

13. THE SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE – DEC. 20, 1860

14. Responses to Lincoln’s Inaugural Montgomery Advertiser: It means war. Nothing less would satisfy the abolition chief. Baltimore Exchange: The measures of Mr. Lincoln mean war. Richmond Enquirer: The cool, unimpassioned deliberate language of the fanatic. Sectional war awaits only the signal gun. Baltimore Sun: It assumes despotic authority, and intimates the design to exercise that authority to any extent of war and bloodshed. If it means what it says, it is the knell and requiem of the Union, and the death of hope. Charleston Mercury: It is our wisest policy to accept it as a declaration of war. Stephen Douglas: It is a peace offering rather than a war message. NY Tribune: To 20 millions of people it will carry tidings, good or not, as the case may be, that the federal government of the US is still in existence, with a Man at the head of it. NY Herald: It would have been almost as instructive if President Lincoln had contented himself with telling his audience yesterday a funny story and letting them go. It was not a crude performance, for it abounds with traits of craft and cunning.

15. BEFORE THE ATTACK South Carolina (SC) Secedes From the Union, December 20, 1860. GA, FL, AL, MS, TX, TN, AR, NC, VA, and LA also secede. (11 States) Confederate States of America created

16. THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

17. CONFEDERATE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS

18. THE BATTLE OF FT. SUMTER April 12, 1861

19. FT. SUMTER, SOUTH CAROLINA

20. FT. SUMTER Union held Fort Union held Fort South gives evacuation deadline South gives evacuation deadline South Fires on Fort South Fires on Fort Opens Civil War Opens Civil War

21. DEMAND TO EVACUATE Confederate Brigadier General PGT Beauregard (left) demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender and leave Ft. Sumter Peacefully. Confederate Brigadier General PGT Beauregard (left) demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender and leave Ft. Sumter Peacefully. Anderson refuses despite knowing that low supplies will force him out in a few days anyways. Anderson refuses despite knowing that low supplies will force him out in a few days anyways. Lincoln devised a plan to resupply Fort in hopes that Confederates would attack first and unite support for the Union. Lincoln devised a plan to resupply Fort in hopes that Confederates would attack first and unite support for the Union.

22. APRIL 12, 1861 – 4.30 a.m. Beauregard’s Deadline to leave Ft. Sumter passes Confederate cannons open fire on Ft. Sumter beginning the Civil War

23. THE FIRST SHOT Edmund Ruffin claimed to have fired the first shot (VA Secessionist) Confederate Cannons from Ft. Johnson and Ft. Moultrie fire Major Anderson fires back at 7 a.m.

24. CONFEDERATE BOMBARDMENT Over 70 Confederate Guns fire in Attack Over 70 Confederate Guns fire in Attack 4,000 rounds fired 4,000 rounds fired 600 direct hits on Fort 600 direct hits on Fort Bombardment lasts 34 hours. Bombardment lasts 34 hours.

25. DAMAGE TO THE FORT Fort Sustains Heavy Damage No human casualties however (One Confederate Horse Died)

26. ANDERSON SURRENDERS 2:30 p.m., April 13 th, 1861 2:30 p.m., April 13 th, 1861 Confederates Take Control of the Fort Confederates Take Control of the Fort

27. ANDERSON’S SURRENDER TELEGRAM "S.S. Baltic. Off Sandy Hook Apr. Eighteenth. ten thirty a.m.. Via New York.. Hon.s. Cameron. Secy. War. Washn. Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty four hours until the quarters were entirely burned the main gates destroyed by fire. The gorge walls seriously injured. The magazine surrounded by flames and its door closed from the effects of heat. Four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available and no provisions remaining but pork. I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard being on same offered by him on the eleventh inst. Prior to the commencement of hostilities and marched out of the Fort Sunday afternoon the fourteenth inst. With colors flying and drums beating. Bringing away company and private property and saluting my flag with fifty guns. Robert Anderson. Major first Artillery. Commanding."

28. WITNESS TO THE SURRENDER (Owen Fawcett Diary) "Fort Sumter taken by the Confederate States"

29. ATTACK UNITES UNION North Previously Divided on Going to War Ft. Sumter Surrender Unites the Union Behind President Lincoln for War

30. FT. SUMTER NATIONAL PARK

31. WORKS CITED McPherson, James M. The Atlas of the Civil War. New York: Macmillan, 1994. »Excellent book detailing every battle of the Civil War. Great battle summaries. http://cps.k12.mi.us/fort.htm »Site about the first shot fired on Ft. Sumter. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/sumter.htm »Site on the Battle of Ft. Sumter. Has eyewitness accounts of reactions, events, and commands. http://www.civilwar.si.edu/slavery_ruffin.html »Site about Edmund Ruffin and if he fired the first shot at Ft. Sumter. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lib.utk.edu/spcoll/photographs/ap ril_13_1861_lg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lib.utk.edu/spcoll/online/Fawcett_Web_Exhi bit.html&h=785&w=952&sz=161&tbnid=LBnlvbFTNDxPyM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=147&hl =en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dft.%2Bsumter%2Bdiary%26svnum%3D10%26 hl%3Den%26lr%3D »Site containing Owen Fawcett Diary. http://www.us-civilwar.com/sumter.htm »Site with a detailed explanation of the battle, including Lincoln’s plan to get the Confederates to fire the first shot.