1. Urinary
System

2. Identify parts of Urinary system
While viewing this power point and listening to the presentation you are going to write the urinary system QUIZ.
Write 4 multiple choice questions and 1 short answer question from the including the correct answer from information discussed today
Your multiple choice question must include 4 reasonable choices.
Identify parts of Urinary system 2

3. Maintains acid-base balance of body Parts include:
Removes waste
Maintains acid-base balance of body
Parts include:
2 KIDNEYS
2 URETERS
BLADDER
URETHRA

4. Protected by ribs and fat
2 bean shaped organs
Protected by ribs and fat
Each kidney is found in mass of fatty tissue (adipose capsule)
2 main sections:
Cortex: outer layer, contains most of the neurons that aid in production of urine
Medulla: inner layer, contains most of tubes that carry urine from the nephrons through the kidneys

5. Nephrons Microscopic filtering units Over 1 million/kidney
Contains glomerulus
Cluster of capillaries that filter waste
Bowman’s capsule
Surround glomerulus picks up filtered materials and passes it to the convoluted tubule
Substances needed by the body are reabsorbed and returned to the capillaries

6. Nephrons
At the end, most of the water, sugar, vitamins and salts have been reabsorbed
Excess salts, water, wastes remain in the tubule and become urine
Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla
Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter)

7. Ureters 2 muscular tubes 10-12 inches long
One extends from the renal pelvis to the bladder
Peristalsis: a wavelike motion of the involuntary muscle that moves urine through the ureter from the kidney to the bladder

8. Bladder FUNCTIONS: Receives urine from ureters
Hollow muscular sac
Lining folds called rugae – disappears as muscles of bladder allow it to expand and fill with urine
3 layers of visceral muscle
Urge to void occurs when bladder contains 1 cup
Circular sphincter muscle
Control bladder opening
Can’t be controlled by infants
FUNCTIONS:
Receives urine from ureters
Stores urine until eliminated from body

9. Urethra Tube carries urine from bladder to outside
External opening called meatus
Different in male/females
Females shorter
Opens in front of vagina or passes through the penis
Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

10. Urine
Liquid waste
95% water
1 ½ - 2 quarts produced daily
Excreting waste products
Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
The Concentration of components in a urine sample depends on osmotic movement of water
Normal Urine Is a clear, sterile solution, yellow color (pigment urobilin) generated in kidneys

11. 5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System
Regulate blood volume and blood pressure:
by adjusting volume of water lost in urine
releasing erythropoietin and renin
Regulate plasma ion concentrations:
sodium, potassium, and chloride ions (by controlling quantities lost in urine)
calcium ion levels (through synthesis of calcitriol)
Help stabilize blood pH:
by controlling loss of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine

12. 5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System
Conserve valuable nutrients:
by preventing excretion while excreting organic waste products
Assist liver to detoxify poisons

14. Blood Supply of the Kidney
Approximately ¼ of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each minute
Renal artery branches inside the kidney
Venous blood leaves the cortex and medulla
Small veins join the renal vein

15. Acidosis Lactic acidosis: Ketoacidosis:
develops after exhaustive muscle activity
(bulging muscles can cut off blood supply)
due to anaerobic respiration
Ketoacidosis:
Lower blood pH, higher acid, due to presence of ketones
develops in starvation or diabetes
Body does not have sufficient glucose/glycogen to sustain metabolic activity
Muscle loss can occur - dieting

16. How do the Kidneys control of Blood pH?
By H+ removal and bicarbonate production at kidneys

17. ADH – antidiuretic hormone
Hormone causes special water channels to appear
Increases rate of osmotic water movement
Higher levels of ADH increases:
number of water channels
water permeability of ducts and collecting system
No ADH, water is not reabsorbed
All fluid reaching ducts is lost in urine producing large amounts of dilute urine

18. The Hypothalamus A healthy adult produces:
Continuously secretes low levels of ADH:
At normal ADH levels:
collecting system reabsorbs 16,800 ml fluid/ day (9.3% of filtrate)
A healthy adult produces:
1200 ml urine per day (0.6% of filtrate)

19. Key Terms Polyuria: excess urination Oliguria: below normal urination
Anuria: absence of urination
Hematuria: blood in urine
Nocturia: urination at night
Dysuria: painful urination
Retention: inability to empty bladder
Incontinence: involuntary urination

20. Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder
More common in females due to shortness of urethra
Symptoms:
Frequent urination
Dysuria and burning
Bladder spasm
Hematuria
? Fever ?
Treatment:
Antibiotics and increased fluid intake

21. Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the glomerulus
Usually follows strep infection
Can be acute or chronic
Symptoms: hematuria, hypertension, edema, fatigue, congestive heart failure, renal failure, death
Treatment: treat symptoms
Low salt diet, high blood pressure medicine, dialysis, transplant

22. Pyelonephritis Inflammation of kidney tissue and renal pelvis
Usually caused by pus forming bacteria
Symptoms: chills, fever, back pain, dysuria, hematuria and pyuria
Treatment: antibiotics, increased fluid intake

23. Renal Calculi Kidney stone formed when salts in urine settle
Small stones can be eliminated in urine
Large stones may become lodged
Symptoms: sudden pain, hematuria and retention
Treatment: increase fluids, pain meds, strain urine w/ gauze, lithotripsy, possible surgery

24. Renal Failure Kidneys stop functioning Acute
Caused by injury, poisoning, dehydration
Prompt treatment leads to good prognosis
Chronic
Progressive loss of kidney function caused by glomerulonephritis, hypertension, toxins and endocrine disease.
Waste accumulates and affects body systems

25. Uremia Toxic condition where urinary waste is in bloodstream
Caused from any condition that affects proper function of kidneys
Symptoms: n/v, ammonia breath, anuria, headache and confusion, coma/death
Treatment: restrictive diet, dialysis, transplant

26. Urethritis Inflammation of the urethra
Caused by bacteria, viruses or chemicals
Symptoms: painful urination, redness, itching at meatus, ?discharge
Treatment: sitz baths or warm compresses, antibiotics, increased fluid intake