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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan1 Collective Expansion of QGP ShinIchi Esumi Univ. of Tsukuba, Inst. of Physics 1.Thermal, chemical freeze-out 2.Radial, elliptic expansion 3.Jet modification
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan2 QGP Hadron
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan3 t z SPS (17GeV) SPS (17GeV) LHC(5500GeV) AGS (4GeV) AGS (4GeV) RHIC(200GeV) BNLCERN thermal freeze-out chemical freeze-out quark gluon plasma
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan4 chemical freeze-out the end of inelastic interactions, when the particle species and ratios are frozen Phys. Rev. C 73(2006) 034905 ‘ net ’ proton dN/dy AGS SPS RHIC 62 RHIC 200 LHC 5500 BRAHMS preliminary charged particle dN/dy PHOBOS extrapolated to LHC
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan5 locally thermal collective expansion radial flow T eff = T fo + 0.5 m v 2 thermal freeze-out the end of elastic interactions, when the momentum spectra are frozen SPS Pb+Pb Central RHIC Au+Au Central RHIC Au+Au Peripheral
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan6 AuAu Central charm hadron AuAu Central , K, p AuAu Central strangeness hadron SQM06, Yifei Zhang nucl-ex/0307024 SQM06, Yifei Zhang History of hadron freeze-out
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan7 x z sideward flow (v 1 ) x z y Reaction Plane (R.P.) elliptic azimuthal event anisotropy low p T high p T particle R.P. (rad) x y elliptic flow (v 2 ) initial geometry final momentum anisotropy anisotropic flow dN/d
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan8 System size dependence of v 2 0.2<p T <1.0 [GeV/c] Dividing by N part 1/3 : relate this with expansion time v 2 vs. N part v 2 / vs. N part v 2 / (Au+Au) = v 2 / (Cu+Cu) v 2 /eccentricity is scaled by N part 1/3 and not dependent on the collision system. V 2 / / N part 1/3 vs. N part PHENIX PRELIMINARY Systematic errors from eccentricity is not included here. Maya Shimomura will talk today! Hiroshi Masui (also talks today!) will be discussing similar data but in a different way from STAR.
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan9 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 052301 (2007) STAR preliminary QM06 particle identified v 2 at RHIC Number of constituent quark scaling in hadron v 2 as well as multi-strange baryon v 2 : v 2 is already established during the quark phase before the hadronization. This seems to be true even for heavy quark like charm. QM08: A.Dion Hadron
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan10 SQM06, Jin-Hui Chen Quark momentum distribution (from hadron momentum distribution and quark coalescence picture especially using early freeze-out multi-strangeness hadrons) His talk today! * Similar m T spectra between strange and light quarks, but a slight ”effective mass” dependence which may come from radial flow of partonic stage. * There seems to be centrality dependence, which maybe different between strange and light quarks. (We should see the build up of patonic collectivity.) s = (sss) / (ss) compared with s = { (sss)} 1/3 and/or s = { (ss)} 1/2 * q = (qss) / (ss) (or s from above) compared with q from late freeze out charged hadrons ( ,K,p) to see the additional radial flow from hadronic stage.
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan11 AGSRHIC common initial source geometry from centrality measurement final source geometry from HBT measurement final particle emission anisotropy from v 2 measurement source geometry from HBT (also tells us the history of expansion)
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan12 RHIC 200GeVSPS 17GeVRHIC 62GeV PHENIX nucl-ex/0611019 S.Kniege, ISMD 2007 jet pp Au Jet suppression modification with 2-particle correlation
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan13 System Size and Beam Energy Dependence of Jet Shape nucl-ex/0611019 No energy dependence (62 ~ 200GeV) Rapid change between N part = 0 ~ 100 Almost no change above N part > 100
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan14 arXiv:0801.4545 Transverse Momentum (Trigger, Associate) Dependence of Jet Shape Suppression in both near/away side peak at high p T Enhancement in near side peak at low p T Development of away side shoulder at low p T No p T dependence of shoulder peak position, also in 3-p correlation, both results support mach-cone emission.
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan15 p+p, peripheral Au+Au central Au+Au PHENIX QM08 d+Au, 200 GeV STAR QM06 (rad) Ridge “jet” Au+Au, 200 GeV
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan16 QM08 PHENIX Centrality Dependence of Ridge and Shoulder Yield and Both ridge and shoulder yields increase linearly with N part. Similar (flat) centrality dependence on inverse slope parameter for both ridge and shoulder. Jet (p+p) like p T shape is harder than ridge, ridge is harder than shoulder, shoulder is similar to inclusive.
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan17 STAR Preliminary T Inclusive ~ T Shoulder ~ T Ridge < T Jet QM06 QM08 ridge jet inclusive << Both ridge and shoulder are almost independent with centrality and trigger p T selections. It’s just like a bulk matter… suspicious on BG(bulk) subtraction… but this is what we see…
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan18 arXiv:0712.3033 Near/Away-side B/M ratio increases in central Away-side B/M ratios approach inclusive values Incompatible with in-vacuum fragmentation Hadron trigger with identified associate Baryon/Meson --- Mach-cone property ---
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan19 Ridge vs. Inclusive STAR Preliminary Jet Cone vs. Inclusive STAR Preliminary QM08: Bedanga Mohanty QM08: Paul Sorenson STAR Preliminary Au+Au 200 GeV 20-60% 3< p T trig < 4 GeV/c p T asso : 1.0- 1.5 GeV/c sys. error v 2 {RP} sys. error v 2 {4} 20-60% QM08: Aoqi Feng Several Ridge properties
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan20 y t1 y t2 transverse correlations y t ~ ln(p t ) 0.5 1 2 3 4 p T (Gev/c) STAR Preliminary 2-particle correlation without high p T trigger selection 200GeV p+p hard component ηΔηΔ φΔφΔ soft component ηΔηΔ φΔφΔ Longitudinal Fragmentation (“strings”) 1D Gaussian, US pairs HBT peak at origin, LS pairs Minijets 2D Gaussian at origin, away-side peak actually cos(φ Δ ) J of Phys: Conf 27 (2005) 98 These structures define minijet correlations M. Daugherity, QM08 axial correlations ηΔηΔ φΔφΔ
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan21 longitudinal fragmentation 1D gaussian HBT, res., e+e- 2D exponential Minijet Peak 2D gaussian Away-side -cos(φ) Δη Δφ Elliptic flow cos(2φ Δ ) 1.2M minbias 200 GeV Au+Au events Included all tracks with p T > 0.15 GeV/c, | | < 1, full 84-93% 28-38% 75-84% 19-28% 65-75%55-65%46-55% 9-19%5-9%0-5% M. Daugherity, QM08 STAR Preliminary
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan22 Centrality 200 GeV 62 GeV STAR Preliminary Peak AmplitudePeak η WidthPeak φ Width HIJING 1.382 default 200 GeV, quench off binary scaling assumption in Kharzeev and Nardi model data - fit (except same-side peak) Shape changes little from peripheral to the transition 83-94%55-65% η Δ width STAR Preliminary Large change within ~10% centrality 46-55% STAR Preliminary Smaller change from transition to most central 0-5% STAR Preliminary QM08 STAR Extracted 2-D near-side Gaussian parameters are shown. The strong width change vs centrality should have a relation to the ridge formation. longitudinal ( density correlation length Kensuke Homma, tomorrow!
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan23 3<p T trig <4GeV/c & 1.0<p T asso <1.5GeV/c 20-60% STAR = associate - trigger (rad) Jet modification and geometry (and v 2 ) QM08: STAR, PHENIX QM04: STAR Mach-cone shape depends on R.P. angle. Mach-cone is a source of of v 2
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan24 STAR Preliminary Ridge Jet 3<p T trig <4, 1.5<p T trig <2.0 GeV/c QM08 STAR STAR (rad) Ridge “jet” Au+Au, 200 GeV Ridge/Cone and geometry (v 2 ) Ridge shape depends on R.P. angle. Ridge is a source of of v 2 Jet does not depends on it Jet reduces v 2 Jet Ridge Shoulder (cone) Head ( ) Ridge Shoulder (cone) v2v2 v2v2
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan25 (rad) PYTHIA p+p trigger near side away side y x (1)away side of a back-to-back(b-t-b) jet is wider in than in (2)If there are two parallel b-t-b jets, away side of one b-t-b jet can be near side of the another b-t-b jet. (3)Suppression as well as modification of b-t-b jet would depend on relative angle w.r.t. almond geometry, we know this from v 2 measurement and believe this is the major source of v 2 at high p T. (4)Therefore, there should be inter b-t-b jets correlation give by the geometry from (3), this could make near side ridge like effect, especially if the effect (3) has shaper dependence than v 2 (=cos2x). (5)We always measure inclusive v 2, which includes the effect (3). Therefore any modification which could generates the elliptic anisotropy would be included in the measured v 2. (6)We subtract BG contribution with this v 2 from (5) by maximizing BG contribution assuming zero jet yield at minimum at any d . (7)If near and away side jets overlap each other, this subtraction underestimates the jet yield and can change the extracted jet shape. (8)If you extract angular dependence of jet w.r.t. R.P., the results will easily be affected by the choice of v 2 from (5).
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan26 (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1) Trigger particle x(R.P.) yy (2) Trigger particle ASSO. TRIG. associate particle direction at same | | w.r.t. trigger particle but with different arrow length associate particle direction at same | | w.r.t. red dashed line but with different arrow length In order to study the jet modification (mach-cone, ridge) and it’s relation with almond geometry in more detail… with and without R.P. aligned event mixing
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan27 Summary (1) Thermal, chemical freeze-out T ch ~ QGP phase boundary History of thermal freeze-out (2) Radial, elliptic expansion Quark phase Quark coalescence History of radial, elliptic expansion (3) Jet suppression, modification QGP matter property relation between v 2 and modification subtraction of flow, which includes the modification jet-jet correlation via reaction plane (part of v 2 )
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan28 R.P. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ave (1)~(8) ave (1),(8)ave (2),(7)ave (3),(6)ave (4),(5) (1)(2)(3)(4)(8)(7)(6)(5) Pure Flow Simulation with trigger angle selection w.r.t. R.P. with/without R.P. aligned event mixing without R.P. aligned event mixing with R.P. aligned event mixing (1)(2)(3)(4)(8)(7)(6)(5)
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan29 V4V4 V 4 /(n q ) 2 M. Issah, QM08
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan30 K. Miki, QM08 PHENIX preliminary
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan31 STAR Preliminary ( 1 - 2 )/2 STAR Preliminary Cone angle (radians) p T (GeV/c) jet pp Au d+Au Collisions Au+Au Central 0-12% 3-particle correlation “ 12 vs 13 ” *= *= PHENIX Preliminary Cone like Jets Deflected Jets No p T dependence, too. Both measurements prefer Mach-cone scenario.
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan32 Away Region Shoulder Region Head Region Shoulder Region Near Region A Large BG Subtraction with v 2 like Flow Shape region double peak region Same SideFar Side Description of Jet Shape with Several Key Words
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan33 PRL91(2003)072304 2<p T Asso. <p Tt 4< p T Trig. < 6 GeV/c PRL95(2005)152301 0.15<p T Asso. <4 4< p T Trig. < 6 GeV/c
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan34 0-20% Au+Au20-40%60-92% Solid points are Au+Au, open points are p+p, red/blue colors show systematic errors. More central arXiv:0801.4545
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan35 p+p vs Au+Au cent 60-92%
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan36 p+p vs Au+Au cent 0-20%
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan37 arXiv:0801.4545
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan38 arXiv:0801.4545
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan39 arXiv:0801.4545
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan40 Jet + Flow (Raw) Jet (Flow subtracted) M. P. McCumber, QM08
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan41
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan42
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan43 arXiv:0801.4545
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan44
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan45
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan46
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan47 PHENIX preliminary Identified 0 trigger with associate hadron Width does not change with centrality similar to charged hadron triggered case. 7-9 (X) 1-2 0-20% 7-9 (X) 4-5 0-20% 7-9 (X) 4-5 20-40% 7-9 (X) 4-5 40-60% 7-9 (X) 4-5 60-90% 7-9 (X) 6-8 40-60% QM08 PHENIX
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan48
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan49 1/Ntrig dN/d (A.U.) p T, photon GeV Per-Trigger Yield (A.U.) Run 6 p+p @ 200 GeV 0 Run 7 Au+Au @ 200 GeV, cent=0~20%, preliminary Direct trigger with associate hadron QM08 PHENIX p+p: Consistent with trigger photon carrying the full jet energy, away side jets are similar between 0 and triggers. Need more studies and statistics for Au+Au case. Run 4/5 p+p/Au+Au @ 200 GeV
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan50 84-93% 28-38% 75-84% 19-28% 65-75%55-65%46-55% 9-19%5-9%0-5% 84-93% 28-38% 75-84% 19-28% 65-75%55-65%46-55% 9-19%5-9%0-5% Fit residual = data - model Fit model
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ATHIC2008, 14/Oct/2008, Tsukuba, JapanShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan51
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