1. LandXML.org 2006 Nathan Crews Principal Schema Architect, LandXML.org Software Researcher, Autodesk

2. Outline ► LandXML.org  Membership  LandXML-1.0 status ► LandXML-1.0 Standard Adoption  Registered Software Applications  Government Adoption ► LandXML-1.1 schema  What changed? ► 3D Roads, Construction Staking, eSurvey, EPSG coordinate system support  Status ► LandXML Multi-Domain Data Interoperability

3. LandXML.org: Worldwide, Open Organization ► Initiated in December 1999 by former EAS-E initiative members and Autodesk. ► In March of 2000 we had 26 members. ► February 2006: LandXML.org has expanded around the world to 32 countries and grown to 495 representatives from 400 member companies/government agencies. ► No cost or specific obligations to join.

4. LandXML.org Goal: Open Design/Survey Data Exchange ► Specify an XML file format for civil engineering design and survey measurement data for the purposes of: 1. Transferring engineering design data between producers and consumers. 2. Providing a data format suitable for long-term data archival. 3. Providing a standard format for electronic design submission.

5. LandXML What it means, what it is and what can it be used for…

6. Land + XML = LandXML ► Land = all the engineering and survey data used during land development projects. ► XML…

7. XML ► XML= eXtensible Markup Language ► XML is a specially formatted ASCII text file using or tags. ► HTML is a form of XML. A simple web page with a link LandXML.org www.landxml.org

8. What is “LandXML” ► A specialized XML data file format containing civil engineering and survey measurement data commonly used in the Land Development and Transportation Industries.

9. LandXML is a Standard ► LandXML-1.0  July 17, 2002 Ratified as an industry standard by LandXML.org.  Based on W3C XML Schema Recommendation May 2, 2001.  LandXML Software Developers Kit 1.0 and documentation. ► LandXML-1.1  Soon to be ratified  LandXML Software Developers Kit 1.1 available now.

10. LandXML-1.0 Data Model

11. LandXML-1.0 Data Model Housekeeping Data & COGO ► Project  Project name and description. ► Application  Application used to produce the data. ► Author  Who created the data. ► Units  Linear, angular, area, time, temperature, pressure, diameter, volume, flow and velocity. ► Coordinate Systems  Grid and Projected coordinate systems  EPSG (European Petroleum Standards Group) codes ► Cogo Points  The basic 3D point with name, number, description, code and purpose. ► Cogo Geometry  Contiguous Lines, circular curves, spirals, irregular lines and chains.

12. LandXML-1.0 Data Model Design Geometry Data ► Parcels  Closed parcel coordinate geometry  Area, centroid, owner, class, type ► Alignments  Road centerline 2D coordinate geometry.  Profiles: vertical design alignments and sampled ground profiles.  Cross Sections: design cross sections and sampled surface sections.  Superelevations  Station Equations ► Surfaces (digital terrain models)  TIN – The computed Triangulated Irregular Network of 3-point triangle faces.  Grid – 4-point grid faces.  Source Data: breaklines, contours and points used to compute the TIN or GRID.

13. LandXML-1.0 Data Model Design Geometry Data ► Roadways (3D road model)  Alignments (profiles, cross sections)  Surfaces (top and sub-surfaces)  PlanFeatures  Lanes and Intersections ► PipeNetworks  Stormwater pipes and structures. ► PlanFeatures  Generic geometric data like fence lines, curbs, building outlines, and planting areas.

14. LandXML-1.0 Data Model Survey Data ► Monuments  Survey monument data  Survey order, class, type, description. ► Survey  Raw and reduced survey observations.  Optical, EDM and GPS supported.  Equipment, personnel and data collection parameters.

15. The many things can you do with LandXML data files…

16. LandXML data can be used to:  Exchange data between many civil engineering/survey desktop and CAD-based software applications.  Create engineering reports.  Import parcels, roads, surfaces into Architectural applications.  Submit online cadastral surveys.  Import data into GIS applications.  Send staking data to survey field instruments.  Create 3D project visualizations.

17. Field Staking Design Creation Design Validation IHSDM LandXML Design Reports Design Visualization / Analysis Cost Estimation

18. LandXML supported by many software applications ► 48+ Registered Software Applications from Autodesk, Bentley, CAiCE, Carlson, Eagle Point, Leica GeoSystems, MircroSurvey, Trimble Navigation, Tripod Data Systems, Topcon, the U.S. FHWA and many more. ► Adopted for use by many governments around the world.

19. Government Usage ► LandXML is the design data schema for the emerging AASHTO transportation XML industry standards. ► Survey data standard for Land Information New Zealand’s Landonline. ► Collaboration in Slovenia as a national 3D road model standard. ► Used in a Philippine Digital Land Survey Management system

20. Landonline Land Information New Zealand Landonline LandXML Cadastral data flow External Survey Software Landonline 2. Extract1. Search 3. Prepare 4. Pre- validate 5. Submit Land XML File

21. U.S. FHWA IHSDM Software

22. Adoption In Process ► Australia eSurvey online cadastral survey system based on LandXML-1.1. ► Finland InfraModel governments standards. ► AASHTO SDMS ► Ongoing discussions and projects in:  Thailand  Japan  Canada  Australia, roads

23. Standards Collaboration ► TransXML  Design data schema ► Open Geospatial Consortium  CAD to GIS  The GeoWeb ► IAI/IFC  IFCRoad Project

24. LandXML-1.1

25. LandXML-1.1 ► The intent for this revision was to make corrections and add support for additional data based on real world experience. ► 1.0 and 1.1 designed to be forward and backward compatible! ► No drastic model changes that force significant work to update the existing applications.

26. LandXML-1.1 Changes ► Improve documentation to eliminate ambiguous data definitions. ► Added EPSG coordinate system names to (shared by Open Geospatial Consortium and GML schemas). ► Clarify zenithAngle definition in the survey data. ► Add support for PI based alignment definitions. ► Add railway cant (superelevation) data to.

27. LandXML-1.1 Changes ► Add data structure to support additional electronic Australian cadastral survey system. ► Allow duplicate “name” attributes across collections of same element type. ► Add road design cross section definitions to Alignments. ► Add support for non-linear road design cross section transitions. ► Adjust the structure to better support modern hydraulic materials such as curved pipe. ► Miscellaneous minor schema validation/model changes.

28. LandXML-1.1 3D Road Model

29. LandXML-1.1 Road Model ► Design cross sections model entire 3D road structure. ► Provides data well suited for road construction staking. ► Enables quantities area/volume calculations for each section material. ► Supports non-linear transitions.

30. 3D Road Modeling

31. Design Cross Sections Right Travel lane Curb and gutter sidewalk buffer ditch PGL

32. Design Cross Sections

33. Transitions

34. Road design cross section conventions ► All offset values are measured from the PGL and are horizontal measurements. ► + offsets to the right, - to the left of and way from the PGL. ► + slopes increase from PGL, - slopes decrease. ► Right side closed volume surface point are defined clockwise from the top most point down. ► Left side closed volume surface point are defined counter-clockwise from the top most point down.

35. Multi-Domain Data Interoperability ► LandXML is proving to be useful outside the civil engineering/survey domain.  Architects ► Buildings do connect to the ground, utlities and roadways.  Geospatial applications ► Import new design / survey projects quickly and efficiently. ► Data exchange for site and road maintenance.  Traffic modeling ► Model the proposed road, analyze traffic capacity and simulate impact.

36. LandXML: A Ready Source of GIS Data LandXML File CAD Design Analysis Survey Data Collection GIS Mapping Integration GIS Analysis GIS Visualization

37. Summary ► The LandXML-1.0 standard is supported by many applications. ► LandXML-1.1 improves the usefulness of the design data for roads, online survey systems and GIS interoperability. ► The work continues…

38. From CAD to GIS in 2 Seconds