1. A crude (lower limit) estimation of resolution and event rate Development and Construction of an Extensive Air Shower Array in HOU Antonis Leisos, Hellenic Open University Erlangen 11-13 April 2006 Calibration of a km 3 ν-Telescope Using Extensive Air Showers The project is co-funded by the European Social Fund & National Resources EPEAEK-II (PYTHAGORAS)

2. Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum

3. The General Idea… Angular offset Efficiency Resolution Position

4. The Example of Amanda-Spase 30 stations (4 scint. 0.2 m 2 in a triangular grid, 30m spacing) B10 resolution  3.8 degrees

5. ~4km ~20km Very High Energy Very High Zenith Angle Extreme low rate

6. Floating stations (Sea Technology?) The Concept We propose a minimum of 3 stations with at least 3 m 2 scintillator detectors each

7. Single Station GPS Scintillator-PMT DAQ ~20 m 1 m 2 Single Station Set-Up Triangulation  Shower Direction

8. Multi Station Set up Multi Station Set-Up

9. The HELYCON Scintillation Module Scintillator 2 Scintillator 3 GPS timestamp Station Server

10. Prototype Construction 10 x 12 cm tiles 80 tiles ~ 0.96 m 2 12 WLS fibers per row Single PMT read out

11. Scintillators & WLS fibers WLS fibers: Bicron (BCF-91A) Light attenuation length: 330cm Scintillators : Protvino (Russia) Emission spectrum:420 nm Decay time 2 ns

12. PMT Testing Photonis XP-1912 Standard, 10-stage, 19 mm (3/4") round tube

13. Detector Testing

14. DAQ GPS Input USB Port Trigger Ouput4 PMT Signal Inputs 25ps accuracy TDC

15. DAQ Handles 4-channels Adjustable PMT Thresholds Relative Arrival times < 1ns Estimates Pulse sizes (TOT) and Shapes Synchronization with GPS ~ 25ns Digital Interface to PC Slow Controls & Environmental Monitoring HPTDC 32 channels (LR) – 8 Channels (HR) 25ps (HR) to 800 ps (LR) accuracy Self Calibrating GPS (Motorola M12+Timing Oncore) 25 ns UTC accuracy can be better (up to 5ns)

16. Software Tools CORSIKA (Extensive Air Shower Simulation) GEANT4 (Scintillation, WLS & PMT response)

17. Software Tools DAQSIM (DAQ Simulation) HOUANA (Analysis & Track Reconstruction) Time (ns) Height (mV) Zentih (degrees)

18. Monte Carlo Studies Reconstruction of Shower Direction Reconstruction of the Shower Core Properties Charge (p.e.s) Distance from core (m) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) Distance from core (m) Particles/m 2

19. Monte Carlo Studies Needed corrections curvature thickness ns after 1 st particle Core distance>500m

20. Monte Carlo Studies Time Delay (ns) Pes Time Spread (ns) Pes Some Corrections (thickness) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV)

21. Monte Carlo Studies Θ rec -Θ true Pull Single Station Performance Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.

22. Monte Carlo Studies Distance from core (m) Reconstruction efficiencyResolution (degrees) Single Station Performance Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.

23. Monte Carlo Studies Examples of a 3-Station Performance (Crude Analysis) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) Threshold Charge (pes) Resolution per reconstructed track (degrees)Resolution in determining a possible Angular Offset (degrees)-10 day operation

24. HELYCON Online Control & Data Analysis Package control real time monitor shower reconstruction data analysis real data & data summary storage graphics & presenter

25. Time Schedule Prototype detector full test (PMT and Scintillator) May 2006 Production & test of 15 detectors July 2006 (2 detectors per week) Electronics TestingMay-June 2006 (the prototype is currently tested) DAQ Test + DetectorsJuly-September 2006 Online Software-Analysis Tools-Reconstruction Strategy Development -September 2006 3 station RunAutumn 2006

26. Another use of the detectors HELYCON 10 19 eV 10 17 eV 10 15 eV 2 km