1. North Canton Hoover High School OGT SCIENCE REVIEW

2. Define conduction, convection, and radiation. Give an example of each. ConductionConvectionRadiation Next QuestionTest Yourself

3. Conduction Definition The transfer of heat across a medium from a source of higher temperature to a source of lower temperature Example A metal pot on the stove is heated when the burner is on. Next QuestionTake Me Back

4. Convection Definition The process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a heated fluid (gas or liquid). Example Steam rises from a pot of boiling Water Next QuestionTake Me Back

5. Radiation Definition The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. This form of heat transfer does not need a medium. Example Earth is heated by electromagnetic waves that travel through space from the sun. Next QuestionTake Me Back

6. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes hot. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation

7. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes hot. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction - CORRECT Convection Radiation

8. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes hot. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN Radiation

9. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on the stove becomes hot. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation – Incorrect – Try again

10. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by a campfire. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation

11. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by a campfire. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction – Incorrect – Try again Convection Radiation

12. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by a campfire. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN Radiation

13. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by a campfire. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation – Correct

14. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earth ’ s equator rises; cold air at its poles sinks. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation

15. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earth ’ s equator rises; cold air at its poles sinks. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction – Incorrect – Try again Convection Radiation

16. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earth ’ s equator rises; cold air at its poles sinks. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection – CORRECT Radiation

17. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earth ’ s equator rises; cold air at its poles sinks. Next Question Next Test Yourself Question Conduction Convection Radiation – Incorrect – Try again

18. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the body. Next Question Conduction Convection Radiation

19. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the body. Next Question Conduction – Incorrect – Try again Convection Radiation

20. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the body. Next Question Conduction Convection – Incorrect – Try again Radiation

21. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used to produce images of the body. Next Question Conduction Convection Radiation - Correct

22. Biomes Define Biome Name 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each. Name 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each. Next Question

23. Biomes Define Biome A biome is a distinct ecological community of plants and animals living together in a particular climate. Next QuestionBack to Biomes

24. Biomes Name 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each. 1. Arctic Tundra dry and wet seasons; Cold 2. Deciduous Forest moisture evenly distributed; warm summers, cold winters 3. Desert sporadic, localized moisture; great daily range of temperature. Next QuestionNext Page of Biomes

25. Biomes Name 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each. 4. Coniferous Forest moisture varies throughout year; cold winters, cool summers. 5. Tropical Forest long wet season with short dry season; hot 6. Temperate Grassland wet and dry seasons; hot Next QuestionBack to Biomesor

26. List some causes of weather. Solar Energy – heats air and land Elevation – temperature falls with increased elevation Nearness to large bodies of water – humidity and temperature are affected Temperature – determines how much water vapor air can hold Air Pressure – produces wind and air mass patterns Next Question

27. What is the greenhouse effect? Carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere prevent the sun ’ s heat energy from radiating back into space from Earth. Next Question

28. How is the theory of global warming related to the green house effect? The burning of fossil fuels increases the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. Because CO 2 absorbs heat, the atmosphere may become warmer. Next Question

29. Plate Tectonics Explain the theory of plate tectonics What are some events that change the Earth ’ s surface? What are some events that change the Earth ’ s surface? Explain continental drift. Look at a map of the world. Can you see how the continents would fit together? Explain continental drift. Look at a map of the world. Can you see how the continents would fit together? Define tectonic terms Next Question

30. Plate Tectonics As the plates that make up the Earth ’ s surface shift, they can cause the Earth ’ s surface to change. Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics

31. Plate Tectonics Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain creation, and sea floor spreading are examples of events that change the Earth ’ s surface. Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics

32. Plate Tectonics Scientists believe that 200 million years ago, Earth ’ s continents were joined together, forming a super- continent called Pangaea. As the tectonic plates under the continents shifted, Pangaea broke up, and the continents moved apart. For more review, go to: Tectonic WebsiteTectonic Website Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics

33. Plate Tectonics Tectonic Plates Moving sheets of rock that form Earth ’ s surface Theory of plate tectonics Theory that explains how a few thin, rigid tectonic plates move across Earth ’ s surface Mantle convection Force deep within the Earth, driven by internal heat, that moves continents and the plates of which they are a part. Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonicsor

34. List some severe weather patterns Explain each pattern and tell where it is found Tropical Storms Tornadoes Monsoons Next Question

35. List some severe weather patterns – Tropical Storms And hurricanes Start as low-pressure areas over warm waters Gain strength from warm water, but diminish when they reach land Usually begin in tropical areas where the water is the warmest Next QuestionBack to Sever Weather

36. List some severe weather patterns – Tornadoes Rotating air funnels that descend from storm clouds Can reach air speeds in excess of 300 mph Found throughout the world, but are common in central US states like Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois and Ohio Next QuestionBack to Sever Weather

37. List some severe weather patterns – Monsoons Wind systems that seasonally reverse direction Winds bring rain inland from the ocean in the summer, and they often bring drought from the continent interior during the winter. Found over the Asian continent and Australia Next QuestionBack to Sever Weather

38. Describe ways of estimating geologic time. Radiometric dating Based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes that is used to determine the age of materials Rock sequencing Analyzing the order of rock strata to estimate their relative ages; Rocks lower in the order tend to be older than those near the top. Fossils Remains or traces of prehistoric organisms that are often formed when tissue is replaced with minerals Next Question

39. Atomic Theory What is an element? Give and example. An element is a basic substance made of a single type of atom (hydrogen, carbon, gold) How are atoms and molecules related to elements? Molecules are chemical combinations of two or more atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine to make a molecule of water (H 2 O) Next Question

40. Fission and Fusion What is Fission? What is Fusion? Test Yourself Next Question

41. What is Fission? Fission is a reaction that produces energy when heavy radioactive nucleus splits apart into fragments. The mass of the fragments is less than the mass of the original isotope. Next QuestionBack to Fission and Fusion

42. What is Fusion? Fusion is a process in which two nuclei come together to form a third, larger nucleus. Energy is released when the larger nucleus is produced. Next QuestionBack to Fission and Fusion

43. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in the intense heat of stars Fission Fusion Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

44. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in the intense heat of stars Fission – Incorrect – Try again! Fusion Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

45. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in the intense heat of stars Fission Fusion - Correct Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

46. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy Fission Fusion Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

47. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy Fission - Correct Fusion Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

48. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 to release energy Fission Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again! Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

49. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclear submarine ’ s reactor. Fission Fusion Next Question

50. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclear submarine ’ s reactor. Fission - Correct Fusion Next Question

51. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclear submarine ’ s reactor. Fission Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again! Next Question

52. What about stars? How are stars created? How do stars produce energy? How are stars responsible for the creation of elements? How are stars responsible for the creation of elements? Next Question

53. How are stars created? A new star forms when a huge cloud (made of hydrogen and other matter) collapses in space. Gravity at the center of the new star creates great heat. Next QuestionBack to About Stars

54. How do stars produce energy? The intense heat inside a star causes the hydrogen protons to move so rapidly that they join together or fuse. This process, fusion, is a nuclear reaction that creates energy. The star starts to glow. Next QuestionBack to About Stars

55. How are stars responsible for the creation of elements? Ongoing fusion of protons in stars results in many different proton combinations. Each different combination of protons is an element. After millions of years some stars explode, releasing many different elements into space. Next QuestionBack to About Stars

56. Energy Define potential energy.potential energy Define kinetic energy.kinetic energy Next Question

57. Potential Energy The energy of position. Example: an eraser sitting on a table has less potential energy than an eraser sitting on top of an 8 foot ladder. Next Question The pendulum at the top of its swing has more potential energy than when it is mid- way through its swing Back to Energy

58. Kinetic Energy The energy of Motion. Example: is a pendulum in motion Next QuestionBack to Energy

59. Newton ’ s Laws of Motion 1. Unless acted on by an outside force, a body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains in motion. (Inertia) 2. Change of motion is proportional to the force used to produce the change. 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Next Question

60. How do Science and invention affect one another? 1. Invention uses known scientific principles to make something work better or create a new tool Example: Discovery of electro-magnetic waves led to the invention of radio, television and X-Rays. 2. Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to determine unknown scientific principles and new information Example: The Hubble Space Telescope allows scientists to learn more about the solar system Next Question

61. More Atomic Theory Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of an atom showing the placement of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons. Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of an atom showing the placement of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons. Which part gives the atomic number? How would you make your atom an ion? How would you make your atom an ion? How would you make your atom an isotope? How would you make your atom an isotope? Next Question

62. Simple model of atom Next QuestionBack to More Atomic Theory

63. Which part gives the atomic number? The number of protons gives the element its atomic number. Next QuestionBack to More Atomic Theory

64. How would you make your atom an ion? The atom becomes an ion (electrically charged) when it loses or gains an electron. Next QuestionBack to More Atomic Theory

65. How would you make your atom an isotope? An isotope has extra neutrons, increasing the mass of the atom. Next QuestionBack to More Atomic Theory

66. Physical Properties of Substances Color Gold is yellow Hardness Diamonds are the hardest mineral Conductivity Copper conducts electricity Density Lead is more dense, feather is less dense Ductility Copper can be pulled into a wire Magnetism Iron is attracted to a magnet Next Question

67. Electricity How does electric current flow? Electric current flows when electrons move freely Explain what makes some materials conductors and others insulators Conductors: materials with loosely held electrons (copper) Insulators: materials with electrons tightly bound to their atoms (clay, rubber) Next Question

68. Waves Define a wave. A wave is a traveling disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another Name some types of waves. Some types of waves include sound, seismic, water and light waves. Which type does not need matter to travel? Light waves do not need matter to travel Next Question

69. Periodic Table Information What is the periodic table of elements? What is the periodic table of elements? Identify the part of the element square on the periodic table. Identify the part of the element square on the periodic table. Next Question

70. Periodic Table Information The table is an organizational table developed by Mendeleev in 1869. Elements are arranged in rows by increasing atomic number. Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties. Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information

71. Periodic Table Information Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information H 1 1.00794 Hydrogen Atomic Number Atomic Mass Symbol Element Name

72. Changes in Matter What is a physical change in matter? (Give Examples) What is a physical change in matter? What is a chemical change in matter? (Give Examples) What is a chemical change in matter? Next Question

73. Physical Change in Matter A change in the phase (state) of matter. Or, a change in which parts do not lose their identity Examples: Ice melting to water; sugar dissolving in water Next QuestionBack to Changes in Matter

74. Chemical Change in Matter A reaction that causes a change in the properties of matter. It is usually difficult to reverse. Examples: Spilling bleach on a pair of jeans, changing the color. A stick burning in a campfire. Next QuestionBack to Changes in Matter

75. Force, Acceleration, Friction Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball. Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball. What is friction? How does it affect acceleration of a soccer ball. What is friction? How does it affect acceleration of a soccer ball. Next Question

76. Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball. F = m*a (Newton ’ s second law of motion. Force applied to the mass results in acceleration. The greater the force applied to a given mass, the greater the acceleration. Therefore, if you kick the soccer ball with more force, it will speed up faster. Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

77. What is friction? How does it affect acceleration in the action of kicking a soccer ball? Friction is a surface force directly opposing. Friction decreases the speed of a moving object. A soccer ball kicked opposing relative on the ground will lose speed faster than a ball kicked in the air. Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

78. Conserving Energy What is the law of conservation of energy? What is the law of conservation of energy? Give some examples of conserving energy resources. Give some examples of conserving energy resources. Next Question

79. What is the law of conservation of energy? In any physical or chemical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed. Next QuestionBack to Conserving Energy

80. Conserving Energy Recycling Buying fuel-efficient automobiles Riding a bike instead of driving Insulating buildings Next QuestionBack to Conserving Energy

81. Radioactivity Define radioactivity Give an example of one beneficial use of radioactivity. Give an example of one beneficial use of radioactivity Next Question

82. Define Radioactivity Spontaneous release of energy by certain atoms, such as uranium, as these atoms disintegrate. It is the emission of one or more kinds of radiation from an isotope with unstable nuclei Next QuestionBack to Radioactivity

83. Beneficial Example of Radioactivity Helps doctors to see the development of cancer by using radioactive liquid traveling throughout the body. The radioactive liquid highlights masses in the body and projects those masses to an x-ray Next QuestionBack to Radioactivity

84. Ozone Layer What is the ozone layer and why is it important? What is the ozone layer and why is it important? Why are there “ holes ” in the ozone layer over the South Pole? Why are there “ holes ” in the ozone layer over the South Pole? What is being done about CFC ’ s? What is being done about CFC ’ s? Next Question

85. What is the ozone layer? The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun This keeps most of the life-harming rays from reaching the Earth ’ s surface Next QuestionBack to Ozone Layer

86. Why are their holes in the ozone layer? Certain chemicals react with ozone, destroying it. Chlorofluorcarbons (CFC ’ s) once used in refrigerators and aerosol cans were released into the atmosphere. The CFC ’ s destroyed the ozone layer creating a “ hole ” or thin layer – especially over the Antarctic Next QuestionBack to Ozone Layer

87. What is being done about CFC ’ s? In 1986 the International Congress in Montreal produced a treaty to reduce and then ban CFC production by 1996 Next QuestionBack to Ozone Layer

88. Scientific Method Organize the following steps to scientifically solve a problem: 1. Develop a hypothesis 2. Ask a question based on observation 3. Draw conclusion 4. Test hypothesis 5. Plan test with materials and methods. 6. Do background research 7. Report findings 8. Record and analyze data Next Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hit enter to see correct sequence!

89. Evolution and Scientists The individuals listed below played a role in the development of evolutionary theory. Match them with their concept. Next Question Click to see list

90. Evolution and Scientists - List a) Charles Darwin b) Jean Baptist Lamark c) Charles Lyell d) Thomas Malthus e) Gregor Mendel 1. The earth is very old, and it was formed by gradual processes 2. Events during an organism ’ s lifetime can produce changes that can be inherited 3. The human population was growing so rapidly that it would someday exceed available resources 4. Organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive 5. Offspring can resemble or differ from parents because of the “ unit of inheritance (gene). Next QuestionClick or hit enter to see matches

91. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question

92. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Wrong Next Question

93. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Correct Next Question

94. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Correct

95. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Wrong

96. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Wrong

97. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Correct

98. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Correct

99. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Wrong

100. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Wrong

101. Mitosis or Meiosis 1. Haploid daughter cell 2. Daughter cells are identical 3. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads 4. Two consecutive cell divisions 5. Chromosome number is maintained Mitosis Meiosis Next Question Correct

102. Next Question