1.  Calcium + Silicon  Sodium + Bromine  Boron + Fluorine  Potassium + Sulfur Ca +2 + Na +1 + B +3 + K +1 + Si -4  Ca 2 Si NaBr Br -1  F -1  BF 3 S -2  K2SK2SK2SK2S Bellwork: Wednesday 4/11/2012 Write formulas for how the following elements would form Ionic compounds

2. Example #1-Names to Formulas Aluminum chloride Aluminum chloride Al Cl 3 2. Determine number of ions 1. Write symbols of elements Final Formula x(+3) + y(-1) = 0 1 If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown +3 (Al ) x (Cl -1 ) y 1(+3) + 3(-1) = 0 This formula says that the +3 charge of one Al atom will cancel the-3 charge from 3 Cl atoms

3. Example #2-Names to Formulas Cobalt (II) bromate Cobalt (II) bromate Co BrO 3 2. Determine number of ions 1. Write symbols of elements Final Formula (Co +2 ) x (BrO 3 -1 ) y = 0 2X = 1y X(+2) + y(-1) = 0 X 1 Y 2 = 1 Choose the lowest set of integers that satisfies the equation If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown ( ) 2

4. Example #3-Names to Formulas Nickel (III) acetate Nickel (III) acetate Ni C2H3O2C2H3O2 2. Determine number of ions 1. Write symbols of elements Final Formula (Ni +3 ) x (C 2 H 3 O 2 -1 ) y = 0 3X = 1y X(+3) + y(-1) = 0 X 1 Y 3 = 1 Choose the lowest set of integers that satisfies the equation ( ) 3 If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

5. Example #4-Names to Formulas Lithium phosphate Li PO 4 2. Determine number of ions 1. Write symbols of elements Final Formula (Li ) x (PO 4 -3 ) y = 0 1X = 3y X(+1) + y(-3) = 0 X 3 Y 1 = 3 +1 ( ) 1 If there is only one atom the “1” is not shown

6. Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method Barium Barium nitrate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Ba 2+ NO 3 - 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts. Not balanced! ( ) 2 Now balanced. = Ba(NO 3 ) 2

7. Iron (III) Iron (III) chloride Fe 3+ Cl - Not balanced! 3 Now balanced. = FeCl 3 Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.

8. Ammonium Ammonium sulfate NH 4 + SO 4 2- Not balanced! ( ) 2 Now balanced. = (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.

9. Aluminum Aluminum sulfide Al 3+ S 2- Not balanced! 23 Now balanced. = Al 2 S 3 Names to Formulas: Criss-Cross Method 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Use the criss-cross method to balance the subscripts.

10. DNA- The Master Molecule of Life- page 12  Deoxyribonucleic  Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): (DNA): A long, large molecule molecule shaped like a twisted ladder (double helix). The plans for who you are and what you look like are chemically stored in the DNA (like a blueprint). In In 1953, Francis Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA is shaped like a ladder coiled into a 'double helix' shape.  Macromolecule:  Macromolecule: A very large molecule made from thousands of atoms (ex. DNA)

11. VIDEO- DNA: Master Molecule of Life As you watch the following videos, fill out the video guide provided- page 12  Video- Importance of DNA 1.34 Video- Importance of DNA Video- Importance of DNA 1. Molecule 2. Cells 3. Molecules/DNA 4. Genetic code 5. True  Video- DNA Subunits 3.45 Video- DNA Subunits Video- DNA Subunits 6. Macromolecule 7. 2 8. False 9. 4 10. Backbone 11. A and T, G and C

12. Components of DNA Nucleotide Subunit: what DNA is made up of; each nucleotide has:  ‘Sides’ of the ladder- (linked chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules) phosphate phosphate sugar sugar  ‘Rungs’ of the ladder- 2 nitrogenous (nitrogen- containing) bases attached to the sugar molecules (4 different types of bases ) Adenine (A) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Guanine (G) ○ They link together in pairs (A with T, C with G) to form a rung ○ The order of the bases and rungs creates a kind of code for the DNA information.

13. Sides of the ladder: “Sugar-Phosphate Backbone”  Phosphate PO 4 3− Polyatomic Ion! Polyatomic Ion! Octet Rule- atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight electrons in their valence shell. Octet Rule- atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight electrons in their valence shell. Given what you know about the chemical formula for the phosphate functional group, you can say that the rule is disobeyed in this case. Given what you know about the chemical formula for the phosphate functional group, you can say that the rule is disobeyed in this case.  Sugar (deoxyribose) 5 carbon ring 5 carbon ring Each corner of the pentagon represents a Carbon—they just don’t write it! Each corner of the pentagon represents a Carbon—they just don’t write it!

15. Page 13- What five elements make up the DNA macromolecule? 1. Phosphorus 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Oxygen 5. Nitrogen

16.  The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the bases attached to the two strands.

17. AT base pair  With two hydrogen bonds  Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines

18. GC base pair  With three hydrogen bonds

19. DNA Sequencing- page 13  PRACTICE : What would be the pair for:  Finish the DNA sequencing individually, then check answers together as a class ACC TGG GACGACGACGAC TACTACTACTAC CTGATG ATCATCATCATC TAGTAGTAGTAG CGACGACGACGA GCTGCTGCTGCT TGATGATGATGA ACTACTACTACT CTCCTCCTCCTC GTAGTAGTAGTA ATCATCATCATC CGTCGTCGTCGT ACAACAACAACA GAGGAGGAGGAG CATCATCATCAT TAGTAGTAGTAG GCAGCAGCAGCA TGTTGTTGTTGT

20. Increasing knowledge about DNA creates more complicated possibilities for the future…  Cloning- the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means  Natural cloning is identical twins genetically different from parents genetically different from parents  What do you think about the possibilities for human cloning?  If you could make a clone of yourself, would you do it? Why or why not? Why or why not? Record your answers in the space provided Record your answers in the space provided

21. Cloning- KWL— Fill -in the “Know” and “Wonder” column NOW KnowWonderLearned 1. 2. things you already know about cloning 1. 2. things you wonder about cloning 1. 2. 3. 4. things you learned about cloning during that will follow

22. Video: The Clone Age Video: The Clone Age As you watch the video…  …write four new things you learned on your KWL chart- page 13  …pay attention to the scientific process involved in creating a clone  …note where hereditary information is stored in a cell and how this information may be altered

23. 1 st Cloned Mammal  1997- Scotland  Sheep named Dolly  276 attempts before success What do you think happened to the unsuccessful attempts?? What do you think happened to the unsuccessful attempts?? Dolly Dolly’s clone— NOT her baby!

24. Remaining Time: Discuss questions as a class. Respond to the following questions in 3-4 complete sentences on page 13 for homework. 1. Discuss the ethics of cloning only the best and brightest of the human race. 2. If you were in charge of undertaking a cloning project, which qualities would you look for when selecting your cloning subjects ? Explain why.

25. EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic Naming F ormulas to Names & Names to Formulas 1. Na 2 SO 4 2. Fe(NO 3 ) 2 3. PbI 4 4. (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 5. Na 2 CO 3 6. Be(OH) 2 7. Magnesium Hydroxide 8. Magnesium nitride 9. Silver Acetate 10. Aluminum Chloride 1. Sodium Sulfate 2. Iron (II) Nitrate 3. Lead (IV) iodide 4. Ammonium Phosphate 5. Sodium carbonate 6. Beryllium Hydroxide 7. Mg(OH) 2 8. Mg 3 N 2 9. AgC 2 H 3 O 2 10. AlCl 3

26. EXTRA TIME? Practice Ionic Naming Names to Formulas 1. Calcium Carbonate 2. Potassium Chloride 3. Iron (II) Sulfate 4. Lithium bromide 5. Magnesium chloride 6. Iron (III) chloride 7. Zinc Phosphate 8. Ammonium Nitrate 9. Aluminum hydroxide 10. Copper (I) Acetate 11. Lead (II) Sulfite 12. Sodium Chlorate 13. Calcium Oxalate 14. Iron (III) Oxide 15. Ammonium Phosphate 16. Sodium hydrogen sulfate 17. Mercury (I) chloride 18. Magnesium nitrate 19. Copper (II) sulfate 20. Sodium hydrogen carbonate 21. Nickel (III) bromide 22. Beryllium nitrate 23. Zinc sulfate 24. Gold (III) chloride 25. Potassium permanganate