1. Mary Schramm Head of School of Catering, Hospitality & Facilities Services 0208 408 6553

2. COMMON BACTERIAL ILLNESSES CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS Main Symptoms Abdominal pain, diarrhoea and nausea. Onset of Illness 8 to 22 hours, (usually 10 to 12 hours). Source This organism is found in the waste of animals and man, and often in raw meat and in soil. It thrives in airless conditions and survives ordinary cooking. SALMONELLA Main Symptoms Fever, headache, aching limbs, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, and sometimes vomiting. Onset of Illness 6 to 72 hours (usually 12 to 36 hours). Source Salmonella bacteria are often present in the waste of man and animals, (especially rodents and poultry). This illness is infectious and can be spread to other people.

3. STAPHYLOCOCCUS Main Symptoms Abdominal pain, severe vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes collapse. Onset of Illness 1 to 6 hours (usually 2 to 4 hours). Source Staphylococcal bacteria may come from infected sores, nasal secretions and skin (perspiration and hair). The toxin that causes illness can survive ordinary cooking. CAMPYLOBACTER Main Symptoms Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Onset of Illness 1 to 10 days (usually 3 to 5 days). Source Campylobacter bacteria are often present in the waste of man and animals (especially domestic animals and poultry). This illness is infectious and can be spread to other people.

4. LISTERIA Main Symptoms Normal host Acute/mild fever, influenza-like symptoms. At risk host Fever, intense headache, nausea, meningeal irritation and vomiting. Infection of the foetus, septicemia, meningitis, and still- birth. Onset of Illness 3 days to 3 weeks. Source Listeria bacteria are commonly found in soil, water, vegetation, domestic animals, and man. The illness, though infectious, is relatively rare. At Risk Hosts Pregnant women, the elderly, and those with lowered immune systems. CHEMICAL POISONING Main Symptoms Abdominal pain, nausea, at times vomiting and diarrhoea. These symptoms may not be present for a lot of poisons-- in these cases often the first symptom is of collapse. Onset of Illness Usually less than half an hour.

5. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM Main Symptoms Diarrhoea (often watery), abdominal cramps/pain, and anorexia. Fever, nausea, and vomiting occur less often. Onset of Illness1 to 12 days (usually 7 days). Source Cryptosporidium parasites are often present in the waste of farm animals, poultry, pets and man. This illness is infectious and can be spread to other people. YERSINA Main Symptoms Under 5 yrs diarrhoea, (sometimes bloody). Over 5yrs abdominal pain (like appendicitis), also fever, joint pain sore throat and rash. Onset of Illness 12 hrs to 11 days (usually 24 to 48 hours). Source Yersinia bacteria are often present in the waste of farm animals (especially pigs) and infected pets-(puppies and kittens) and man. This illness is infectious and can be spread to other people.

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7. The following terms are commonly used in cleaning - Sterilisation - The process of destroying or removing all microbial life. Disinfection - The killing of disease causing bacteria as well as other living micro-organisms, but not usually bacterial spores. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all micro-organisms, but reduces them to a level not usually harmful to health. In this group are the fungicides (kills fungi), bactericides (kills bacteria) and virucides (kills viruses). Sanitising - A term meaning that an article or surface is visibly clean and is free of disease producing organisms.