1. A) Discuss the Drake equation  Use the Brainpop Drake equation feature B) Discuss Fermi’s paradox C) Discuss Area 51 Science Plan SPI 0807.5.4 Biodiversity Exobiology

2. Drake Equation Fact: There are at least 200 billion stars in our galaxy (probably more) Fact: There are approximately 80 billion galaxies in the universe (probably more) Fact: In 1960, S.E.T.I. scientist Frank Drake developed an equation about how to calculate the possible number of extraterrestrial civilizations. Science Notes SPI 0807.5.4 Biodiversity Exobiology

3. The Drake Equation states…  Annual average rate of star formation in our galaxy (10)  (multiplied by) Estimated stars that have planets (0.5)  (multiplied by) average number of those planets that can potentially support life (2)  (multiplied by) number of planets that develop life (0.33) …that the number of likely extraterrestrial civilizations can be calculated by multiplying a number of relevant factors.  (multiplied by) number of planets with intelligent life (0.01)  (multiplied by) number of planets with intelligent life that develop signals that we can detect (radio, WIFI, etc.) (0.01)  (multiplied by) length of time that it takes for them to send out these signals (10, 000 years) Drake’s Solution: 10 x 0.5 x 2 x 0.33 x 0.01 x 0.01 x 10000 = 10 Ten possible extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy right now

4. Science Notes SPI 0807.5.4 Biodiversity Exobiology Link: Brainpop.com, type in "Drake Equation” Brainpop website-Drake Equation Can also try this link: Activemind Website-Drake Equation Calculator  Now you can try it. Drake Equation Don’t worry, Brainpop will do all the math for you  Use Brainpop’s Drake Equation application.

5.  Can be summarized as… Where Are They???  Famous scientist, Enrico Fermi used Drake’s equation and computed that there was only one likely extraterrestrial civilization in our galaxy.  Even traveling less than the speed of light, those extraterrestrials would be able to expand across the galaxy in about 10 million years.  Since the universe is estimated to be over 10 billion years old, Fermi said we should see plenty of signs of these aliens. So he asked Where Are They??? Science Notes SPI 0807.5.4 Biodiversity Exobiology Fermi’s Paradox

6.  Area 51 is the name given by the C.I.A. to a Top Secret part of Edwards Air Force Base located in a remote desert region of Nevada.  Since the 1960s this air base has been used to test Top Secret aircraft and other technology related to our national security. Science Notes SPI 0807.5.4 Biodiversity Exobiology What is Area 51 Link: Independence Day-Area 51 Video ClipIndependence Day-Area 51 Video Clip Link: Mysterious Object-Area 51Mysterious Object-Area 51

7. U2 Aircraft (used for spying) Tested at Area 51?

8. SR-71 Blackbird (used for spying) Tested at Area 51?

9. F-117 Stealth Fighter (Nighthawk) (used for tactical bombing) Tested at Area 51?

10. B-2 Stealth Bomber (Spirit) Tested at Area 51?

11. Stealth UAVs/Drones (RQ-180)

12. Tested at Area 51? Project Aurora? ( Top Secret Aircraft?) Link: Project Aurora Video ClipProject Aurora