1. Introduction In the next few slides you will get an overview of the types of models that the Navy is using – analysis systems, tidal models and the primitive equation models. This brief introduction will be followed by an in-depth presentation on each set of models. The material for each model is presented in a consistent way. Each model will have a slide on each of the modeling issues we discussed in the numerical modeling portion of the course: domain, grid system, boundary conditions, data assimilation and implementation, plus a look at the output.

2. Operational vs Research Mode Operational: find the optimal configuration for good solutions everywhere. Research: find the configuration for the best solution for a given problem. Courtesy of Germana Peggion (USM)

3. Atm. Data Atm. Data Ocean Data Ocean Data Analysis Forecast Analysis Forecast Nesting/ Boundary Conditions 2/10/01 Analysis Forecast Nesting/ Boundary Conditions Forecast Global Coastal & Harbor (Fixed & Relo.) OceanApplications IMAT, SAR, Dispersion Other MUSW TDAs OceanApplications IMAT, SAR, CB Dispersion SpecOp, AUV, MUSW TDAs Coupling NRL Ocean Dynamics & Prediction Courtesy of John Harding, NRL-SSC

4. Global to Littoral Nested Strategy NCOM 1/8 SST 8-27-2000 0000 GMT nowcast 5/15/00 SST Increasing Resolution Consistent Fields Courtesy of John Harding, NRL-SSC

5. Naval Global Ocean Prediction Navy Ocean Circulation Prediction Expected Evolution NLOM/NCOM 1.5 POP at FNMOC? Navy Coastal Ocean Prediction SWAFS 1.0 ReloPOM ADCIRC SWAFS-Next based on SWAFS 1.0, NCOM 1.X & TOMS Community Effort) NLOM/NCOM 1.X POP? SWAFS-Next II based on NCOM 1.X/ TOMS/HYCOM/ Finite Element/ Nearshore Wave Community Efforts) HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Community Model) FY 02-03 FY 04-06 FY 07-10 Navy Harbor Prediction ADCIRC ReloPOM &/or Commercial … Baroclinic FE ReloPOM &/or Commercial … Courtesy of John Harding, NRL-SSC

6. Adapted from Bill Burnett, CNMOC 9/24/01 Essential elements of the Navy operational ocean circulation and tide models

7. There are some software systems that the Navy uses to analyze, interpret, map and/or project data and derive estimated currents, which do not predict what the currents will be in the future. They sometimes refer to these as analysis systems, as opposed to models. These include OTIS, MODAS and MVOI. Analysis Systems

8. The Navy sometimes uses the term “tide models” to designate those numerical ocean models being run primarily for the purpose of predicting tidal heights and/or currents. At this time, the tide models used by the Navy are run in a 2D mode (no variation in the vertical dimension). By definition these models must include tidal forcing, but they may also include other types of forcing, just as other ocean circulation models used by the Navy may include tidal forcing. Tide Models

9. Primitive equation models These are the most sophisticated type of ocean circulation model, including more of the physics than the analysis systems and shallow water equation models. While their increased complexity makes them applicable to a broader class of applications, and should result in more accurate solutions, it can also be more difficult to diagnose their behavior and to understand how various model choices affect the results.

10. “Mixed layer” models We will only consider mixed layer models applied to the upper part of the ocean, although you can also have mixed layers near the bottom of the ocean. Mixed layer models are 1D models that can help us understand how currents, temperature and density in the upper ocean evolve under the influence of wind forcing and heat exchange with the atmosphere. By themselves they do not include any effects due to coastal boundaries, tides, fronts etc.