1. Biology II Dissection The Promised Land

2. Kingdom Anamalia Animal Kingdom contains organisms that are: –multicellular – diploid –heterotrophic –ingestive nutrition –eukaryotic –oogamous sexual reproduction –blastula embryonic development

3. Kingdom Anamalia The Animal Kingdom contains the most species (more than 1 million known and an estimated 1 million undiscovered) Animals are divided into 10 phyla divided into subphyla, classes and orders 5 Lower Invertebrates(sponges, jellyfish some worms) 4 Higher Invertebrates(snails,insects,starfish) 1 Chordata (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals & me & you)

5. Kingdom Anamalia Multicellular Animals = Metazoa The metazoan cell is a specialized part of the whole organism and is incapable of independent existence Protozoan cells can live independently

6. Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement 1) Number of cells/level of organization, cells > tissues > organs > systems 2) Number of Embryonic “Germ Layers” diploblastic - 2 layers of tissue - ectoderm & endoderm, separated by a mesoglea layer “middle glue” triploblastic - ectoderm - skin & nervous tissue - mesoderm - support & movement - endoderm - digestive organs, spleen, pancreas

7. Kingdom Anamalia Embryonic layers develop into body layers Most animals become a “tube within a tube” Inner tube, endoderm, is lining of the digestive tract Outer tube, ectoderm, is protective and sense organs In between tubes, mesoderm, are reproductive, muscular, circulatory and excretion systems.

9. Kingdom Anamalia Animals with three body layers can be divided into three categories acoelomates have no space between their layers coelomates contain a fluid-filled space in the mesoderm (coelom). This allows their body organs to move independently. Pseudocoelomates - fluid-filled pseudocoel between layers

11. Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement 3) Determination of basic structural relationships Homologies - homologous structures - a structure with similar structure and derived from the same embryonic tissue (wing of a bat, wing of a bird, fin of a fish, arm of a human) Analogies - Analogous structures - structure with similar function but different embryonic tissues (leg of a centipede/ dog -or- wings of bee / bird)

12. Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement 4) Body symmetry in the young and in the adult Asymmetry - no equal sides Radial symmetry - central point, several places to divide in half equally - ex. Starfish Bilateral symmetry - 1 plane of symmetry ex. Human

14. Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement Related terms: anterior, posterior, transverse plane ventral, dorsal, coronal plane, sagittal plane, bi-symmetrical proximal & distal

16. Kingdom Anamalia - more symmetry terms Oral - toward the mouth Aboral - away from the mouth Caudal - toward the tail Lateral - on the side Medial - toward the midline

24. Dissection Photos

25. 45

26. 46 47

27. 48 50 49

28. 52 51

29. 53 54

30. 55 56

31. 57 58

32. 59

33. 60

34. 61

35. 62 63

36. 63 again 64

37. 66 65

38. 67

39. 68 69

40. 70

41. 71

42. 72

43. 73 74

44. 75 Fetal Pig