1. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 1 Information, Sources, and Regulatory Agencies

2. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Information, Sources, and Regulatory Agencies  Pharmacology and the Oral Health Care Provider  Obtaining a medication/health history  Medication administration in the dental office  Appointment scheduling  Information sharing  Handling medical emergencies  Knowledge of and recommending nonprescription medications 2

3. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Sources of Information Where to Look Where to Look  Drug interactions references  Prescription medications  Over-the-counter medications  Herbal and dietary supplements  Age-related references  Illness-related references 3

4. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Sources of Information  Types of Media  Pharmacology textbooks specific to dentistry  Dental drug reference guides  General pharmacology reference guides Goodman and Gilman: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics Goodman and Gilman: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics Physician’s Desk Reference Physician’s Desk Reference Drug Facts and Comparison Drug Facts and Comparison United States Pharmacopeia - Drug Information United States Pharmacopeia - Drug Information 4

5. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Sources of Information  Types of Media  General pharmacology reference guides American Health-Systems Formulary Service American Health-Systems Formulary Service Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs  Specific to herbal supplements PDR for Herbal Medicine PDR for Herbal Medicine  Consumer-oriented publications  Specific medical textbooks  Current medical and dental journals 5

6. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Drug Names  Chemical Name – Determined by the chemical structure of the drug  Trade Name – Registered as a trademark under the Federal Trademark Law; usually chosen because it can easily be remembered and promoted commercially  Generic Name – Official name of the drug 6

7. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Figure 1-1A comparison between the trade and generic drug names of lidocaine. 7

8. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Drug Substitution  Chemically Equivalent – Two formulations of a drug meet established chemical and physical standards  Biologically Equivalent – Two formulations produce similar concentrations in blood and tissues  Therapeutically Equivalent – Equal therapeutic effects during a clinical trial 8

9. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Federal Regulatory Agencies  Drug Legislation  The Food and Drug Act of 1906  Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914  Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938  Durham-Humphrey Law of 1952  Kefauver-Harris Bill (1962)  Controlled Substance Act of 1970  Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 9