1. Unit 2: Research Methods Mr. McCormick A.P. Psychology

2. Essential Question How do psychologists conduct scientific research, and how do they apply their findings to better understanding human behavior?

3. Unit 2 (A): The Need for Psychological Science Mr. McCormick A.P. Psychology

4. The Need for Scientific Research in Psychology Hindsight Bias: Hindsight Bias: The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it The “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon The “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon E.g. “Monday Morning Quarterbacking” E.g. “Monday Morning Quarterbacking”

5. The Need for Scientific Research in Psychology Can you think of an example of Hindsight Bias? Can you think of an example of Hindsight Bias? Personal life Personal life School School News/Media News/Media Entertainment/Pop culture Entertainment/Pop culture Psychological/Scientific research Psychological/Scientific research

6. The Need for Scientific Research in Psychology How much time do you think it will take you to unscramble these anagrams? How much time do you think it will take you to unscramble these anagrams? People said it would take People said it would take 10 seconds, but on average it took about 3 minutes Anagram WREATWATER ETYRNENTRY GRABEBARGE

7. The Need for Scientific Research in Psychology Overconfidence: Overconfidence: The tendency to believe that one knows more than he/she actually does The tendency to believe that one knows more than he/she actually does Leads to error and misjudgment Leads to error and misjudgment

8. The Scientific Attitude Scientific Attitude: Scientific Attitude: Curiosity (Passion for exploration) Curiosity (Passion for exploration) Skepticism (Doubting and questioning) Skepticism (Doubting and questioning) Humility (Ability to accept responsibility when wrong) Humility (Ability to accept responsibility when wrong) Psychological researchers must also think critically Psychological researchers must also think critically

9. The Scientific Method The Scientific Method: The Scientific Method: Question Question Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment Results Results Conclusions Conclusions Theory Theory

10. The Scientific Method

11. Operational Definition: Operational Definition: A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables E.g. Intelligence may be defined by one’s IQ E.g. Intelligence may be defined by one’s IQ Replication: Replication: Ability to repeat a research study, with different participants in different situations Ability to repeat a research study, with different participants in different situations Determine whether basic findings extend beyond a single research study Determine whether basic findings extend beyond a single research study

12. Review Why is it important for psychologists to conduct scientific research? Why is it important for psychologists to conduct scientific research? What is hindsight bias? Provide an example. What is hindsight bias? Provide an example. What are the 3 main components of the scientific attitude? What are the 3 main components of the scientific attitude? What are the 6 steps of the scientific method? What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?

13. Homework Unit 1 Key People: Unit 1 Key People: Research Study Response #40: “Obey At Any Cost?” (Pgs. 308-317) Research Study Response #40: “Obey At Any Cost?” (Pgs. 308-317)