1. SE Asia Bennett G9

2. Pagan Civilization

3. Pagan Location: along the Irrwaddy River, Myanmar.

4. Pagan Achievements  Controlled fertile rice growing lands.  Rulers rich and powerful  Buddhist missionaries.

5. Vietnam: Eastern part of mainland peninsula, South of China, along the Red River Delta

6. Vietnam Location

7. Vietnamese Achievements  Freed 65 towns from the Chinese  Chinese culture influenced art, poetry, and customs and language.  Confucian philosophy.  Independence in 939 AD from China.

8. Khmer Kingdom Cambodia, Mekong River Delta

9. Khmer Achievements  One of the most powerful kingdoms of SE Asia.  Created a writing system.  Lived in large cities because of successful farming  Golden Age  Contact through Indian trade (cultural diffusion).  Built temples  Engineers built water systems, canals, and reservoirs.

10. Tai Kingdoms- Thailand

11. Tai Kingdom Achievements  Expanded through fighting the Mongols.  Created a capital.  New dynasty with Bangkok as their capital  People still recognize the royal family.  Never imperialized by European power.

12. Island Empires

13. Island Empires Achievements  Profited from the Spice trade  Controlled the Strait of Malaca.  Worshipped Hindi gods.

14. Patterns of Life in SE Asia and Imperialism  Religions/Belief Systems  Animism- all things on Earth have spirits  Hinduism- from India  Buddhism- From India and China  Islam  Majority religion in Malaysia and Indonesia  Christianity  Majority of Filipinos are Catholic- brought by the Spanish.

15. Economics  Rice major food.  Wet rice farming  Dry rice farming  Fishing very important Most villages are located along or next to rivers

16. Social life  Men superior to women.  In Vietnam, women could choose who they married.

17. European Influence- Imperialism in Southeast Asia  What is imperialism?  1500’s- Portuguese were the first to explore SE Asia.  Began trading for spices.  SPICE ISLANDS  Europeans were jealous of the Arab traders getting rich off of these islands.

18.  1700’s-1800’s: More European countries show interest in SE Asia.  Wanted tea, sugar, coffee, raw materials for industrial revolution

19. The Dutch in Java  Effects

20. British in Malaya  Effects

21. Vietnam  Effects

22. Cambodia

23. Laos  Effects

24. Philippines  Effects

25. A New Political Map  Growing Nationalism  Nationalism=  Japan took over most of SE Asia during WWII.  At first, people were happy to be rid of European powers.  Then, Japanese turned on the people of SE Asia.  Tortured and killed civilians, exploited their resources for the war and burned down Buddhist monasteries.  SE Asian Nationalists fought back.  By 1945, many were well-armed, experienced guerilla fighters.

27. After Japan’s Defeat in WWII  Peaceful Transitions  U.S. gives the Philippines independence in 1946.  Britain gives up Burma.  Malaya  Took the name Malaysia in 1963.  Indonesia  Dutch fought to regain control of Indonesia.  Indochina  French fight to regain control

28. Challenges for New Nations  Little experience with self-rule because of colonization.  Unifying diverse populations was a challenge.  Economic problems

29. Philippines  Income inequality from Spanish rule.  Encomienda system:  Huk rebellion.  Huks=communists. Fought the government  U.S. helped squash the rebellion.

30. Huk Rebellion

31. Cold War  Following WWI, Vietnamese nationalists pushed for more independence from France.  Ho Chi Minh emerged as the leader of the independence movement in Vietnam.  Goals: build a communist government and win independence.  Ho and the nationalists fought against the Japanese in WWII.  After WWII, tried to expel the French from Vietnam.  For 8 years, they fought the French.

32. Ho Chi Minh

33. Vietnam  Soviet Union and China supported Ho and his nationalists because he was a communist.  United States supported the French because they did not want Vietnam to fall to communism= domino theory.  France withdrew from Indochina in 1954.  Communists now controlled North Vietnam.  A non-communist government was set up in South Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem

35. Vietnam War  Diem was supported by the U.S.  Underground group of communists in the South called the Viet Cong or “VC” tried to overthrow Diem.  Diem assassinated in 1963…

37. Vietnam War  US starts sending special military advisers into Vietnam in 1963.  Ho responds by secretly sending North Vietnamese troops into the south through Laos and Cambodia.  1964- two American patrol ships are “attacked” in the Gulf of Tonkin.  Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- gave President LBJ the power to use force in Vietnam.

39. Vietnam War  US sends 500,00 troops.  Viet Cong continue to fight effectively- backed by USSR and China.  War spread to Laos and Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.  Americans leave Vietnam in 1975 and the south fell to the Viet Cong.  U.S. cut off supply and trade and Vietnam’s economy suffered for decades.

42. Tragedy in Cambodia  After fall of Saigon, Cambodia falls to the Khmer Rogue and Pol Pot.  Khmer Rouge= communists.  Pol Pot sets out to expel all foreigners from Cambodia.  Forced people out of the cities and into the countryside  Many died of starvation.

44. Khmer Rouge

45. Genocide in Cambodia  Pol Pot sought to kill anyone who did not agree with his communist party.  During his reign, 2 out of 7 million Cambodians were systematically murdered= genocide.  Pol Pot was overthrown by Vietnamese and Cambodian forces in 1979.

46. The Killing Fields

47. Pol Pot Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1_foA2mvTw

48. Aftereffects of the War (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)  Killed millions of SE Asians  Destroyed roads, bridges, and irrigation systems.  Chemicals used by the U.S. destroyed trees and plants.  Many refugees left Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia to settle in Thailand and Hong Kong.

49. Agent Orange

50. Before and After Exposure to Agent Orange