1. The impact and types of power leaders possess.

2. WHAT IS POWER? Power impacts all relationships in everyday life. How a parent treats a child. How a coach trains a team. How a politician gets a bill passed.

3. WHAT IS POWER? The ability to act or produce an effect

5. REWARD POWER A leader’s ability to give rewards and positive consequences if people do what is asked of them. EXAMPLE: While shopping at the grocery store, a father promises his daughter a candy bar if she will be quiet until they are done.

6. REWARD POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Motivation for daughter to be quiet. Will only be quiet for candy. Will not learn basic value of proper behavior.

7. REFERENT POWER A leader’s likeability. People are willing to do things for people they like. EXAMPLE: An admired friend encourages you to do well academically.

8. REFERENT POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Inspiration to do better to please leader. Peer pressure increases. Can lead to poor choices: bad grades, cheating, drugs.

9. LEGITIMATE POWER Based on a leader’s position. People see position and think power. EXAMPLE: Political figures, government officers, police, teachers, principals, student council officers all represent legitimate power.

10. REFERENT POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT People respect and respond to that person in power. Just because a leader- doesn’t mean effective or admirable.

11. INFORMATION POWER Based on a leader’s control of or access to information that is perceived as valuable. EXAMPLE: The student council advisor knows what activities the principal would support or disaprove of.

12. INFORMATION POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Can share information to help propose activities. Does not waste time with things that will not get approved. Could inappropriately share preferences. Prevent student council from having new ideas.

13. EXPERT POWER Based on a leader’s expertise, skill and knowledge. EXAMPLE: Doctor’s, scientists, lawyers, professors, athlete’s, or anyone else who is considered a professional.

14. EXPERT POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Can get best and most accurate information. Can get misleading or incomplete information. Base decisions off of bad information.

15. CONNECTION POWER Based on who a leader knows. Having connections or relationships with important people. EXAMPLE: A high school senior knows a parent who is an alumnus of a nearby private college. The alumnus gets the student an interview.

16. CONNECTION POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Connections can help obtain things: recommendations, acceptances, jobs, passes/tickets. Some people don’t deserve what they receive. Keep others from getting things who do.

17. COERCIVE POWER Leader’s ability to invoke fear on people. Ability to take away privileges or punish those who do not cooperate. EXAMPLE: A parent who insists you complete a project exactly the way he or she says or else you can’t do something you were hoping to do.

18. COERCIVE POWER POSITIVE EFFECTNEGATIVE EFFECT Sometimes, setting specific rules is the only way to get things done. Often, threatening punishment doesn’t help people recognize value.

20. AUTHORITY A leader’s position or rank, such as president. A leader uses their authority to: Give directions Reassure the group that someone is in charge. State his or her own preference. Make others obey. Oversee a project, without actually getting involved.

21. INFLUENCE Motivating and inspiring other members of group. Persuading without being obvious/direct. A leader uses influence to: Support others in accomplishing. Help achieve goals together. Encourage cooperation and communication. Allow people to ask questions. Take steps to get things done. Drive particular decisions.