1. Adrian Hewitt London Borough of Merton Copyright LB of Merton – not to be used or copied without permission Please contact: 020 8545 3457 – adrian.hewitt@merton.gov.uk 020 8545 4854 – mike.carless@merton.gov.uk Merton Community Plan target to cut CO2 emissions by 15% by 2015 The power of local government The power of planning “The Merton Rule” 10%+ Renewable Energy Planning Policy Combating climate change

2. “All new non-residential development above a threshold of 1,000 sqm will be expected to incorporate renewable energy production equipment to provide at least 10% of predicted energy requirements.” RIBA - Jan 05 Every borough has a policy that “encourages” the use of renewables…….but the word “encourage” never persuaded a developer to ever actually use them. Merton’s original policy was only for non-residential development. The revised policy for the Local Development Framework will require all residential units to use renewable energy equipment cut CO 2 emissions by at least 10% - slide 9 Merton UDP policy PE13 – Adopted Oct 2003 In the meantime the Croydon UDP policy has become the most commonly used example. Why? Climate change Rising fuel costs Fuel Poverty Lower business costs Security of supply

3. Croydon – most common example of 10% policy “The Council will expect all development (either new build or conversion) with a floor-space of 1000m2 or ten or more residential units to incorporate renewable energy production equipment to provide at least 10% of the predicted energy requirements.” GOL/GLA - Feb 05 Contains the 8 criteria essential for a prescriptive renewable energy policy: 1.It includes the word “Require” or “Expect”. 2.It states it is for “new build or conversion” – to catch change of use in regeneration areas 3.It is for the combined floor space of commercial and residential. 4.It establishes the floor-space and residential unit number threshold 5.It states it is for on site renewable energy equipment – not buying in green energy from the grid. The rationales of the policy are to stimulate the micro-renewables economy, address fuel poverty, and lower energy bills for businesses. 6.It sets the % target – in this case 10%. 7.It is for the “predicted energy usage” - It is not acceptable to build and then monitor usage and then retrofit the renewables. However, the policy should be implemented in terms of carbon not energy – see following slide. 8.It says to provide “at least” 10% - which means that a higher target can be required if technically feasible and financially reasonable.

4. 4% 96% Public support Question 7 “Would you support the use of sustainable energy generation and distribution systems?” Mitcham town centre regeneration consultation Question 6 “Would you support the use of renewable energy to generate hot water and electricity?” 16% 84% MorZED residents consultation Question 3 “To what extent do you agree with on- site renewable energy?” 10% 90% ICLEI – Stockholm May 05

5. Three main concerns preventing mainstream adoption DC officers should not be expected to become experts in renewable energy or advise on engineering options - it’s not their job to! Find an officer with an interest who can act as a pre-application “guide” Use the London Renewables Toolkit or one of the software programmes available Energy consultants will be used by the developer in complex cases – establish an approved list who can be trusted not to cheat. Get advice from local Energy Efficiency Advice Centres or for non-profit company Resist the temptation to become fixated on overly complex CO 2 & renewable energy calculations – concentrate on implementing the policy and getting a reasonable estimate of 10% with the minimum of fuss 2. Will it lower land values and scare developers away? – NO Experience is showing only about 2% to 3% additional build cost – and developers are not being scared away from Merton and Croydon where the policy is being implemented. 1. Is it legal? – YES - Precedent set by Merton in adopting and implementing 3. Will it overload my Development Control officers? – POSSIBLY DTI/DEfRA - July 05

6. Breaking the psychological log-jams PPS 22 – Aug 2004 - confirming the right of PAs to have a MertonRule policy http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/energy/docs/renewables_toolkit.pdf London Renewables Toolkit Work on revising DTI/Carbon Trust Energy Consumption Guides Training workshops for planners, Councillors and developers Established the London Renewables Group > London Energy partnership GLA – Renewables policy Feb 2004 & the first few boroughs adopting RTPI presentation July 06 Website guidance and support: www.themertonrule.org 7 6 4 3 2 1 5

7. Momentum gets going – boroughs start to embed a 10% policy in their own UDPs Barking & Dag Bexley Bromley C of London Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Haringey Havering Lambeth Lewisham Merton Southwark Sutton Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Westminster Barnsley Bedford Belfast Blackburn Bracknell F Bradford Brighton Calderdale Cambridge Camden Cantebury Charnwood Chester Chichester Crawley Derby Doncaster East Riding Edinburgh Gateshead Guildford Harrogate Isle of Wight Hull Kirklees Leeds Leicester Liverpool Manchester Maidstone Milton Keynes Newcastle North Devon Oldham Reading Rotherham Ryedale Salford Sedgefield Sefton Sheffield Southampton REGIONAL PLANS London East Yorks & Humber South East South West North East East Midland Scotland Wales St Albans Surrey Heath Telford & W Test Valley Wakefield Waveney York Aylesbury Vale Belfast Bradford Chester Cornwall Craven Dartford Doncaster East Devon East Riding Exeter Hambleton Harlow Leeds Lincolnshire N. Lincolnshire N.E.Lincolnshire Oxfordshire Richmondshire S.Gloucestershire Somerset Test Valley Worcestershire Space bar Thursday 8 June 2006 – mainstreaming complete….!!!! Written Ministerial Statements Communities and Local Government PPS22 The Minister for Housing and Planning (Yvette Cooper): “It is essential that all planning authorities follow this example and take account fully of the positive approach to renewables set out in PPS22 at the earliest opportunity in their plan-making. In particular the Government expect all planning authorities to include policies in their development plans that require a percentage of the energy in new developments to come from on-site renewables, where it is viable.” “I have instructed my officials to write to all chief planning officers enclosing a copy of this ministerial statement.” The Housing Corporation - June 05

8. kW hours of Energy Electricity Gas/water 10% kWh = X ££ 3. Carbon NOT energy Policy should be written so that renewable energy is used to cut CO2 emissions rather than generate 10% of energy needs. This is to discourage house-builders from installing electric heating. Electric heating is cheaper to install but is more expensive for the end user and is a far less CO 2 efficient way of providing heating. 1. Residential thresholds Policy should be for all residential units – the additional capital cost is only £2K for solar thermal panels For local authorities front loading a 10%+ policy into their LDF – 3 issues to note 2. “Expect” vs “Require” – use of the word “require” is justified by PS22 East Region - June 05 CO 2 Electricity 10% CO 2 = Y ££££

9. “The Council will require all developments, either new build or conversion, with a combined floor-space of 500m2, or one or more residential units, to incorporate on-site renewable energy equipment to reduce predicted CO2 emissions by at least 10% ” Revised Local Development Framework (LDF) policy: Rising fossil fuel prices Falling cost of renewables DTI/DEfRA - July 05 Merton LDF policy

10. 100% PV and other Cut of 75% PV and other Cut of 50% PV Cut of 30% Solar thermal and PV Cut of 25% solar thermal panel Conservatories, extensions & conversions 20% 17.5% 15% 12.5% 10% Office 17.5% 15% 12.5% 10% 7.5% Light industrial 25% 20% 15% 12.5% 10% 4 story + res 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Low rise res Year 5 (12) Year 4 (11) Year 3 (10) Year 2 (09) Year 1 (08) Renewable energy policy matrix Appendix to LDF for interpreting the meaning of…. “…at least 10%….” Renewable Energy Association - June 06 At least 10% - Cranking up the % target & offsite generation If the % target is technically unfeasible or financially unviable then offsite generation may be permitted if it can be traced back to a “pure” green source. 15% 12.5% 10% 7.5% 5% Etc etc

11. = 13,50010% = 134,820TOTAL 47,880X 0.19252,000X 3,50072Heating (gas) Electricity Naturally ventilated open plan office 86,940 Total kg CO2 pa X 0.46 kWh to CO2 189,000 Total kWh pa X 3,500 Size of building m2 54 kWh pa per m2 Implementation for DC officers Identify kilowatt hours per annum (kWhpa) for electricity and kWhpa for heating for the particular type of development (see London Renewables Toolkit p107 below) and then multiply by the m2 of the building. The London Renewables Toolkit was commissioned by the London Energy Partnership and covers all the relevant areas for implementing the policy. http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/energy/docs/renewables_toolkit.pdf 1. Determining how much the 10% is Institute of Physics - June 05 There are companies that can help both developers and LAs in implementing the 10% policy. They will calculate CO 2 emission footprints and percentage targets, and advise on equipment options.

12. http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/energy/docs/renewables_toolkit.pdf www.themertonrule.org 3,500kg Total CO2 cut 1,445 kg 7,200g 2. Confirming if the developers proposal meets the 10% 10% = 13,500 kg CO2 3,500 m2 office = Energy efficiency = 10% CO2 cut 10% = 12,150 kg CO2 17 10 6 Number of devises 1m2 Solar thermal panel Technology 1 kWp Photovoltaic Micro-wind turbine 85 kg 350 kg 1,200 kg CO2 cut p/a 12,145 kg CO2 In order to minimize the number of solar panels or wind turbines etc needed to meet the 10% target, the developer will inevitably try to keep the predicted energy/CO2 emissions as low as possible by incorporating energy efficiency measures into the building. Building Service Journal – Oct 05

13. South West Region – Nov 05 Enforcement Condition – developed jointly by Merton & Croydon “Before any unit is occupied the renewable energy equipment shall have been installed and the local planning authority shall be satisfied that their day to day operation will provide energy for the development for so long as the development remains in existence. The carbon savings which result from this will be above the requirements of the legal Building Regulations.” The policy delivers the Building Regs by default

14. Attitude of developers – Getting ahead of the game in designing, constructing and marketing low-carbon buildings. Embedding it into their modus-operandi Implementing the 10% policy – the story so far…. University of Venice May 2006 103 applications to date in Croydon & Merton, others across London & a few boroughs outside Residential - solar water heating – if there’s no room for twin coil hot water tanks, so they go for PV sometimes. Some micro-turbines. High rise res – PV, solar thermal, wind Industrial warehousing/Light industrial - PV & wind (up to 6kW) Hotels, town centre retail and large stores – GSHE, PV & wind Offices – PV & wind Large mixed use - Biomass CHP and district heating

15. 108,200 kgCO2 97,700 kgCO2 10% = 9,700 KgCO2 condensing boilers & intelligent lighting = 9% Lower CO2 footprint of 67,300 kgCO2 condensing boilers & intelligent lighting = 9% 60,000 kgCO2 10% = 6,000 Kg CO2 12.0% 7.5% 10 micro-turbines, 5kWp photovoltaics & water saving taps & toilets = 7,250 kgCO2 Combined CO2 emissions from heat & electric If some of the business units don’t have heating systems 10 individual business units Additional build cost 3% 16.5% total CO2 reduction 21% total CO2 reduction RIBA Jan 05 First implementation – 4,500 sqm of 10 light commercial units Willow Lane Industrial Estate - Merton Animated slide – hit space bar and wait each time

16. Renewable energy visitors centre Ground source heat piles Micro-turbines Solar thermal Photovoltaics Vertical axis wind turbine Growing market = Falling prices 2 nd Implementation – B&Q The bigger picture – the future – selling renewables to owner occupiers Merton Environment & Safety Forum - Oct 05

17. Exponential growth in the industry LDF 2008 – PPS 22 &PPS 26 x by 422 PAs in UK m2 Thermal/GSHE 5,500 PV kWp 150 Micro-wind 150 2,321,00063,300 £400 (sqm)£5,000 (kWp)£5,000 (unit)£1,012,800,000£316,500,000 £1,500,000,000 And jobs in - BSE, Architecture, Marketing, R&D, Planning, Legal, etc Current value of installed renewables £35m £1.5b Said Business School, Oxford University - Feb 05

18. Space bar Wouldn’t it be better to do this through the Building Regs ? Foster healthy competition between boroughs Create pride and recognition at a local level BRs are inflexible and only give the minimum Preserve imagination and initiative at a local level Can’t explore the frontier from behind a central Government policy desk.!! Urban turbines Solar CenturyB&Q NO - so why are Planning Policies and local initiatives the best approach? Building Regs Ofgem, Gov Depts etc Unst hydrogen Island Edinburgh Univ tri-gen BedZED Merton 10% Woking DHP Enthuses the next generation of planners Oxford University - Institute of Russian and Slavonic Studies - Nov 05

19. Space bar The energy that families and businesses will want will be the cheapest energy – which will be that which they have some ownership or control of Turbines Design and retrofit the building Solar thermal Solar PV GSHE Renewable energy supply companies and retailers Decentralization of future investment - financial - technological - intellectual The Energy Review - future “mindset” Central planning vs decentralization Architects Journal – Dec 05

20. Adrian Hewitt London Borough of Merton Copyright LB of Merton – not to be used or copied without permission Please contact: 020 8545 3457 – adrian.hewitt@merton.gov.ukadrian.hewitt@merton.gov.uk “To mobilize we must develop a technique and methods so simple that the citizen of good common sense can readily grasp the idea.” General George C Marshall From “cottage industry” to commercial industrial “The Merton Rule” 10%+ Renewable Energy Planning Policy Mobilizing to combat climate change

21. Into the mainstream 1 – presentations given at the following conferences & seminars 19/10/05Getting to 10% - Building Services JournalLondon CIBSE - Church House, Westminster, London 15/07/05Sustainable energy economyDTI/DEFRA Sustainable Industries Unit - London 12/07/0510% Policy - Parliamentary Renewable & Sustainable Energy GroupLiberal Club - London 05/07/05Building Integrated Renewables - Solar CenturyRoyal Institute of Chartered Surveyors - London 29/06/05Climate change planning - National Society for Clean AirInstitute of Physics - London 28/06/05Planning & Community Heating - Combined Heat & Power AssociationArmy & Navy Club – Pall Mall, London 08/06/05Sustainable planning - Eastern RegionIpswich 25/05/05Urban sustainable energy planning and technologies - LETIT (EU)Terni - Italy 18/05/05Sustainable planning - Edinburgh & South LothianEdinburgh University 16/04/05Merton Energy Strategy - Merton Environment & Safety ForumMorden Baptist church - Merton 03/03/05Sustainable energy & planning - Sustainable Institutions GroupSaid Business School - Oxford University 21/02/05Planning for Low Carbon Building - Government Office for LondonGreater London Authority - City Hall, London 26/01/05Eco-housing - Oxford Brookes UniversityRoyal Institute of British Architects - London 24/01/05Low-carbon technologies and spatial planning - Oxford TrustCulham Laboratory - Oxfordshire 21/11/0410% renewable policy - Building Services EngineeringMax Fordham Associates - London 23/10/04Renewable energy in Merton – Merton Environment & Safety ForumLondon Borough of Merton - London 22/09/04“Solar technologies will never work in Oxford” – DebateOxford Union 24/08/0510% renewable policy - East Midlands planning conferenceDe Montfort University - Leicester 06/06/04Low Energy Technology Implementation (LETIT) - EU - 6 th FrameworkLondon 29/03/0410% renewable policy - IT PowerGreater London Authority - City Hall - London 29/05/03Sustainable development communication strategies - EU Asia-UrbsThe Energy Research Institute - New Delhi, India 22/09/02Urban Carbon Zoning – Combating climate changeWorcester Polytechnic Institute - Massachusetts 04/07/02Sustainable urban planning and building design – EU Asia-UrbsBarcelona - Catalonia RTPI presentation July 06

22. 14/09/06Combating climate change – sustainable energy planning in BritainPerm University - Russia 28/06/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy - Local action on climate changeLondon 19/06/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – policy briefingThe Housing Corporation - London 08/06/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – Renewable Energy AssociationInstitute of Civil Engineers - London 26/05/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – Begbroke Science DirectorateOxford University 25/05/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – Sustainable planning conferenceOxford Brookes University 22/05/06Mapping and monitoring the 10% policy on GIS – UDMS City KnowledgeVenice University 17/05/06Mapping and monitoring the 10% policy on GIS – UDMS City KnowledgeAalborg, Denmark 16/05/06Merton sustainable energy strategy - ICLEIStockholm 27/04/06Low carbon planning and infrastructure – EU LETITBrussels 06/04/06Merton 10% Policy – MSc lectureOxford Brookes University 13/03/06Sustainable Planning policySouthampton Town Hall 07/02/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – Wycombe Borough CouncilMerton 17/01/06The MertonRule 10%+ Policy – Sheffield City CouncilMerton 12/01/06Low carbon planning and infrastructure – EU LETITUniversity of Lisbon 09/01/06Merton Energy Strategy – Merton Scientific SocietyMerton Adult Education College 12/12/0510% Renewable Policy – Energy Centre for Sustainable CommunitiesHove Town Hall 07/12/05Planning for Climate Change - Friends of the Earth CymruWelsh Assembly 01/12/05Sustainable Architecture - Architects JournalHamilton Place - London 24/11/05Climate Change & PoliticsInstitute of Russian & Slavonic Studies - Oxford Univ 23/11/05From Paper to Practice (10% Policy) - South West RegionCentre for Sustainable Energy - Taunton 16/11/05Renewable Futures (10% policy) - South West RegionRegensw - Western–Super Mare 27/10/05Building a sustainable future - Construction NewsInstitute of Obstetricians and Gynecologists – London Into the mainstream 2 – presentations given at the following conferences & seminars RTPI presentation July 06