1. The War at Home Congress gives Power to Wilson * War Industries Board
Established to regulate the economy in the interests of the war effort
* The Railroad Administration
Controlled the nations railroads
* The Fuel Administration
Monitored coal supplies and rationed gas and oil
Individuals volunteered other energy saving activities such as “Gasless Sundays” What measure did the Fuel Administration introduce in order to conserve energy?
* Daylight Savings Time

2. War Economy National War Labor Board
Deal with disputes between management and labor
Wages in some industries increased while in other industries they decreased
Purchasing power decreased, inflation increased. Stagnant wages vs. rising prices

3. The War at Home
How did the National War Labor Board improve working conditions?
Pushed for an 8 hr. work day
Urged factory owners to allow safety inspections
Pressured manufactures to observe the federal ban on child labor

4. The War at Home
How did the National War labor Board support the War effort
Food Administration: help produce and conserve food. Introducing alternatives to rationing for example… “Meatless day…Sweetless two days and etc.”
Encouraged to plant “Victory Gardens” Homeowners and Schoolchildren participated
Farmers planted more acres of crops to meet Allied demands
Demand for Labor brought greater number of women into the workforce

6. Selling the War War Financing War Bonds and Bond Drives
Utilized war veterans and heroes, politicians and celebrities to raise money for the war effort
Government raised income and excise taxes

7. Selling the War Committee on Public Information
First propaganda agency
To popularize the War
Mobilized artists and advertising people

12. The Home Front The Flu epidemic About 500,000 Americans died
Fall of
World wide flu out-break
Origin of the outbreak has been debated
Some say it started in France, Spain, and also the US.
About 500,000 Americans died
About 40,000,000 died world wide

13. The Work towards Peace Wilson at Versailles
Wilson formally presents his plan known as the 14 points.
Divided into 3 groups that addressed
Causes for war
Specific boundary changes (based on self-determination)
The 14th point called for a creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises

14. The Treaty of Versailles
1. Germany accepts sole responsibility for war 2. Germany ordered to pay massive reparations despite economic deprivation 3. League of Nations is established with collective security concept to stop aggression.

15. Europe After Versailles

16. The Work towards Peace Allies reject Wilson’s Plan “Make Germany Pay”
France invaded twice by Germany in 50 years
“To the Victor goes the Spoils of War”
France, Italy, & Great Britain worked out the peace themselves
Wilson concedes all but one point
The creation of the League of Nations

17. American debate over treaty
Republicans had won control of Congress in 1918 and many were opposed to his plans
Treaty was criticized in Congress for Article X, which called for American troops to be placed under the command of League of Nations officers
In an attempt to win support from the country, Wilson embarked on a nationwide speaking tour. Suffered collapse and stroke.
Senate rejected the Treaty. Unwilling to give up tradition of nonalignment and to commit the U.S. to collective international action.

18. Legacy of the War
Exposed the heterogeneity of the American people and the dvisions among them.
Government intervened in the economic and influenced people's lives to an extent never done previously.
U.S. is now the world's leading economic power and largest trading nation.
International system that came into being was unstable, fragmented, and lacked American cooperation
Civil liberties restricted in attempt to achieve unity
Ended Progressivism and brought mood of cynicism and discouragement to American intellectuals