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1 E-Commerce

2 E-commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks

3 E-commerce Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions. This is an effective and efficient way of communicating within an organization and one of the most effective and useful ways of conducting business.

4 E-commerce E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on websites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a "virtual mall"

5 Buying or Selling on various websites and/or online marketplaces
E-commerce Buying or Selling on various websites and/or online marketplaces

6 E-commerce The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts and Social Media

7 E-commerce Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data

8 E-commerce and fax and their use as media for reaching prospective and established customers (for example, with newsletters)

9 The security of business transactions
E-commerce The security of business transactions

10 E-commerce - Timeline 1971 or 1972: The ARPANET is used to arrange a cannabis sale between students at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, later described as "the seminal act of e-commerce" in John Markoff's book What the Dormouse Said.

11 E-commerce - Timeline 1982: Minitel was introduced nationwide in France by France Télécom and used for online ordering.

12 E-commerce - Timeline 1983: California State Assembly holds first hearing on "electronic commerce" in Volcano, California. Testifying are CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy, CompuServe, Volcano Telephone, and Pacific Telesis. (Not permitted to testify is Quantum Technology, later to become AOL.)

13 E-commerce - Timeline 1984: In April 1984, CompuServe launches the Electronic Mall in the USA and Canada. It is the first comprehensive electronic commerce service.

14 E-commerce - Timeline 1984: California becomes first US state to enact an Electronic Commerce Act defining basic consumer rights online.

15 E-commerce - Timeline 1990: Tim Berners-Lee writes the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.

16 E-commerce - Timeline 1992: Book Stacks Unlimited in Cleveland opens a commercial sales website ( selling books online with Creditcard processing.

17 E-commerce - Timeline 1992: St. Martin's Press publishes J.H. Snider and Terra Ziporyn's Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy.

18 E-commerce - Timeline 1992: Terry Brownell launches a fully graphical, iconic navigated Bulletin board system online shopping using RoboBOARD/FX.

19 E-commerce - Timeline 1994: Netscape releases the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Netscape 1.0 is introduced in late 1994 with SSL encryption that made transactions secure.

20 E-commerce - Timeline 1995: The US National Science Foundation lifts its former strict prohibition of commercial enterprise on the Internet.

21 E-commerce - Timeline 1995: Thursday 27 April 1995, the purchase of a book by Paul Stanfield, Product Manager for CompuServe UK, from W H Smith's shop within CompuServe's UK Shopping Centre is the UK's first national online shopping service secure transaction. The shopping service at launch featured W H Smith, Tesco, Virgin Megastores/Our Price, Great Universal Stores (GUS), Interflora, Dixons Retail, Past Times, PC World (retailer) and Innovations.

22 E-commerce - Timeline 1995: Jeff Bezos launches Amazon.com and the first commercial-free 24-hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio start broadcasting. Dell and Cisco begin to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions. eBay is founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb.

23 E-commerce - Timeline 1996: Sellerdeck, formerly Actinic, the UK's first PC/LAN e-commerce platform established.

24 E-commerce - Timeline 1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.

25 E-commerce - Timeline 1999: Alibaba Group is established in China. Business.com sold for US $7.5 million to eCompanies, which was purchased in 1997 for US $149,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster launches. ATG Stores launches to sell decorative items for the home online.

26 E-commerce - Timeline 2002: eBay acquires PayPal for $1.5 billion. Niche retail companies Wayfair and NetShops are founded with the concept of selling products through several targeted domains, rather than a central portal.

27 2007: Business.com acquired by R.H. Donnelley for $345 million.
E-commerce - Timeline 2007: Business.com acquired by R.H. Donnelley for $345 million.

28 E-commerce - Timeline 2009: Zappos.com acquired by Amazon.com for $928 million. Retail Convergence, operator of private sale website RueLaLa.com, acquired by GSI Commerce for $180 million, plus up to $170 million in earn-out payments based on performance through 2012.

29 E-commerce - Timeline 2010: Groupon reportedly rejects a $6 billion offer from Google. Instead, the group buying websites went ahead with an IPO on 4 November It was the largest IPO since Google.

30 E-commerce - Timeline 2011: Quidsi.com, parent company of Diapers.com, acquired by Amazon.com for $500 million in cash plus $45 million in debt and other obligations. GSI Commerce, a company specializing in creating, developing and running online shopping sites for Brick and Mortar businesses, acquired by eBay for $2.4 billion.

31 E-commerce - Timeline 2012: US eCommerce and Online Retail sales projected to reach $226 billion, an increase of 12 percent over 2011.

32 E-commerce - Timeline 2012: US eCommerce and Online Retail holiday sales reach $33.8 billion, up 13 percent.

33 E-commerce - Business Applications
Document automation in supply chain and logistics

34 E-commerce - Business Applications
Automated online assistants

35 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.

36 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008, amends the Controlled Substances Act to address online pharmacies.

37 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations

38 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
There is also Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 with the vision of achieving stability, security and prosperity for the region through free and open trade and investment. APEC has an Electronic Commerce Stearing Group as well as working on common privacy regulations throughout the APEC region.

39 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
In Australia, Trade is covered under Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce, and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission regulates and offers advice on how to deal with businesses online, and offers specific advice on what happens if things go wrong.

40 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
Also Australian government e-commerce website provides information on e-commerce in Australia.

41 E-commerce - Governmental regulation
In the United Kingdom, The FSA (Financial Services Authority) is the competent authority for most aspects of the Payment Services Directive (PSD)

42 E-commerce - Forms Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.

43 E-commerce - Forms On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce.

44 E-commerce - Forms Aside from traditional e-Commerce, m-Commerce as well as the nascent t-Commerce channels are often seen as the current 2013 poster children of electronic I-Commerce.

45 E-commerce - Global trends
In 2010, the United Kingdom had the biggest e-commerce market in the world when measured by the amount spent per capita. The Czech Republic is the European country where ecommerce delivers the biggest contribution to the enterprises´ total revenue. Almost a quarter (24%) of the country’s total turnover is generated via the online channel.

46 E-commerce - Global trends
E-commerce transactions between China and other countries increased 32% to 2.3 trillion yuan ($375.8 billion) in 2012 and accounted for 9.6% of China's total international trade

47 E-commerce - Global trends
E-commerce traffic grew about 50% from 2011 to 2012, from 26.1 million to 37.5 million, according to a report released by Com Score

48 E-commerce - Global trends
E-Commerce has become an important tool for small and large businesses worldwide, not only to sell to customers, but also to engage them.

49 E-commerce - Impact on markets and retailers
Research by four economists at the University of Chicago has found that the growth of online shopping has also affected industry structure in two areas that have seen significant growth in e-commerce, bookshops and travel agencies

50 E-commerce - Distribution channels
E-commerce has grown in importance as companies have adopted Pure-Click and Brick and Click channel systems. We can distinguish between pure-click and brick and click channel system adopted by companies.

51 E-commerce - Distribution channels
Pure-Click or Pureplay companies are those that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm.

52 E-commerce credit card payment system
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, or e-business consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks

53 E-commerce credit card payment system
A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.

54 E-commerce credit card payment system
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B

55 E-commerce credit card payment system
This payment system has been widely accepted by consumers and merchants throughout the world, and is by far the most popular method of payments especially in the retail markets. Some of the most important advantages over the traditional modes of payment are: privacy, integrity, compatibility, good transaction efficiency, acceptability, convenience, mobility, low financial risk and anonymity.

56 E-commerce credit card payment system
This flow of ecommerce payment system can be better understood from the flow of the system below.

57 E-commerce credit card payment system
Figure: Online Creditcard (VISA) Transaction Process

58 ICT in agriculture - E-commerce
Online purchasing order of agri-inputs and agri-equipments. E-commerce

59 Web syndication - Web syndication and e-commerce
Similar to syndication of proprietary content, web syndication has been used to distribute product content (feature descriptions, images, specifications, etc.)

60 Web syndication - Web syndication and e-commerce
Web syndication has been increasingly used as a way to syndicate online news content to websites, too as part of Search Engine Optimization techniques

61 Web syndication - Web syndication and e-commerce
There are several companies that specialize in providing the infrastructure for this type of content syndication. These include TIE Kinetix, Zift Solutions and Webcollage.

62 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
B2B e-commerce is simply defined as e-commerce between companies. This is the type of e-commerce that deals with relationships between and among businesses. About 80% of e-commerce is of this type, and most experts predict that B2B e-commerce will continue to grow faster than the B2C segment. The B2B market has two primary components: e-infrastructure and e-markets.

63 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
Business-to-consumer e-commerce, or commerce between companies and consumers, involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods (i.e., tangibles such as books or consumer products) or information goods (or goods of electronic material or digitized content, such as software, or e-books); and, for information goods, receiving products over an electronic network.

64 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
Business-to-government e-commerce or B2G is generally defined as commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations. This kind of e-commerce has two features: first, the public sector assumes a pilot/leading role in establishing e-commerce; and second, it is assumed that the public sector has the greatest need for making its procurement system more effective.

65 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
Web-based purchasing policies increase the transparency of the procurement process (and reduces the risk of irregularities). To date, however, the size of the B2G e-commerce market as a component of total e-commerce is insignificant, as government e-procurement systems remain undeveloped.

66 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers.

67 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
This type of e-commerce is characterized by the growth of electronic marketplaces and online auctions, particularly in vertical industries where firms/businesses can bid for what they want from among multiple suppliers. It perhaps has the greatest potential for developing new markets.

68 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology-i.e., handheld devices such as cellular telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Japan is seen as a global leader in m-commerce.

69 Electronic commerce - Types of e-commerce
As content delivery over wireless devices becomes faster, more secure, and scalable, some believe that m-commerce will surpass wireline e-commerce as the method of choice for digital commerce transactions. This may well be true for the Asia-Pacific where there are more mobile phone users than there are Internet users.

70 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
In his 2000 book e-Commerce, with Bernard Jaworski, Rayport formulates a set of design principles for e-Commerce websites, called the 7 C's:Rayport J, Jawoski B. E-Commerce, McGraw-Hill/Irwin: 2000, ISBN

71 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
*Context: Site's layout and design

72 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
*Content: Text, pictures, sound and video, that the web pages contain

73 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
*online community|Community: The ways sites enable user to user communication

74 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
*Customization: Site's ability to self-tailor to different users or to allow users to Personalization|personalize the site

75 Jeffrey Rayport - e-Commerce
*Communication: The ways sites enable site-to-user communication or two way communication

76 Virtual world - E-commerce (legal)
A number of virtual worlds have incorporated systems for sale of goods through virtual interfaces and using virtual currencies

77 Virtual world - E-commerce (legal)
Civil and criminal laws exist in the real world and are put in place to govern people’s behavior. Virtual Worlds such as Eve Online and Second Life also have people and systems that govern them.Haskins, Walaika (July 31, 2008), [ Who polices Virtual Worlds?] Access date: February 2013.

78 Virtual world - E-commerce (legal)
Providers of online virtual spaces have more than one approach to the governing of their environments. Second Life for instance was designed with the expectation being on the residents to establish their own community rules for appropriate behaviour. On the other hand some virtual worlds such as Habbo enforce clear rules for behaviour, as seen in their terms and conditions.Habbo Hotel (blog), [ Habbo Hotel House Rules] Access date: February 2013.

79 Virtual world - E-commerce (legal)
In some instances virtual worlds don’t need established rules of conduct because actions such as ‘killing’ another avatar is impossible. However if needed to, rule breakers can be punished with fines being payable through their virtual bank account, alternatively a players suspension may be put into effect.

80 Virtual world - E-commerce (legal)
Instances of real world theft from a virtual world do exist, Eve Online had an incident where a bank controller stole around 200bn credits and exchanged them for real world cash amounting to £3,115.BBC (July 3, 2009), [ Billions stolen in online robbery] Access date: February 2013

81 Online retailing - International E-Commerce statistics
Statistics show that in 2012, Asia-Pacific increased their international sales over 30% giving them over $433 billion dollars in revenue. That is a $69 billion dollar difference between the U.S. revenue of $ billion. It is estimated that Asia-Pacific will increase by another 30% in the year 2013 putting them ahead by more than one-third of all global ecommerce sales.

82 List of proprietary software for Linux - E-Commerce and Web Business
*Oracle Application Server – (discontinued)

83 *1988 – Initial public offering of stock.
Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1988 – Initial public offering of stock.

84 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1991 – Expands to the West Coast of the United States by merging with Office Club.

85 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Increases operations in North America by acquiring The Great Canadian Office Supplies Warehouse Chain.

86 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Enters contract stationer business by acquiring Wilson Stationery Printing Company and Eastman Office Products Corporation.CNNMoney.com, Diversified dollars: 7 corporate programs, [ Retrieved

87 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1994 – Begins international expansion by signing joint venture agreement with Grupo Gigante in Mexico and licensing agreements with Israel, Colombia and Poland.

88 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1995 – Opens 500th store in North America as well as stores in Poland; signs joint venture agreement to open stores in France and licensing agreement to open store in Thailand; establishes Business Services Division (now Business Solutions Division).

89 *1996 – Launches B-to-B e-commerce Web site.
Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1996 – Launches B-to-B e-commerce Web site.

90 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1997 – Furthers international footprint by venturing into Hungary; operates 45 locations outside the United States.

91 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1998 – Launches merges with Viking Office Products, the leading direct marketer of office products in Europe and Australia.

92 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *1999 – Launches first international Office Depot Web site, ; listed on Standard Poor’s 500 Index.

93 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Enters European contract stationer market with launch of the European Business Services Division.

94 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2001 – Acquires 4sure.com.internetretailer.com, Office Depot to acquire Computers4Sure.com and Solutions4Sure.com, [ Retrieved

95 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Begins Viking Direct catalog/direct mail operations in Switzerland, Spain and Portugal; expands into Central America with new retail stores in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Costa Rica through a joint licensing agreement.

96 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2003 – Doubles European business with acquisition of Guilbert, S.A.; becomes the first office supply superstore to offer fully functional and comprehensive Spanish website.

97 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Introduces “Green Book” catalog of environmentally preferable products, as well as the first free, nationwide in-store electronics recycling program and free, in-store cell phone and rechargeable battery recycling program in all stores in the U.S. and Canada.

98 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Names Neil Austrian interim Chief Executive Officer; relaunches “Taking Care of Business” tagline.

99 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2005 – Names Steve Odland Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerBusinessWeek.com, Steve Odland, Executive Profile and Biography. [ Retrieved

100 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Celebrates its 20th anniversary; acquires Best Office Co., Ltd., Allied Office Products, Papirius s.r.o., and AsiaEc.

101 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2007 – Joins US Green Building Council; opens first store in Puerto Rico and new Global Sourcing Office in Shenzhen, China.

102 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2008 – Introduces “Office Depot Green” product line; unveils first Green store in Austin, Texas and received Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED Gold Certification from USGBC; announces alliance with Netbizz Office Supplies in Singapore, AGE in Sweden, and bigboXX.com in Hong Kong.

103 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved *2009 – Signs franchise agreement with M.H. Alshaya Co.; opens first store in Kuwait.

104 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Names [ Neil Austrian] interim Chief Executive Officer; he became the company's Chairman and CEO in 2011.

105 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Furthers international footprint into Dominican Republic; opens first store in Santo Domingo, capital city, with expansions to follow in all major cities of the country.

106 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * Begins a partnership with the Born This Way Foundation to sell limited edition office supplies.

107 Office Depot - Other events and milestonesIdea Group Publishing, Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution, [ Retrieved * OfficeMax begins negotiations with Office Depot to engage in a merger of equals.

108 2000 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series - MBNA e-commerce 200
The inaugural MBNA e-commerce 200 was held September 22 at Dover International Speedway. Kurt Busch won the pole.

109 2000 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series - MBNA e-commerce 200
Failed to qualify: Ron Barfield (#97), Kenny Martin (#98), Morgan Shepherd (#80), Larry Gunselman (#31), Tony Roper (racing driver)|Tony Roper (#26), Ricky Sanders (NASCAR)|Ricky Sanders (#19), Ryan McGlynn (#00), Jerry Miller (driver)|Jerry Miller (#32), Michael Hamby (#0), Donnie Neuenbeger (#84), Jim Mills (NASCAR)|Jim Mills (#30)

110 2001 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series - MBNA E-Commerce 200
The MBNA E-Commerce 200 was held June 2 at Dover International Speedway. Scott Riggs won the pole.

111 Webshop - International E-Commerce statistics
Statistics show that in 2012, Asia-Pacific increased their international sales over 30% giving them over $433 billion in revenue. That is a $69 billion difference between the U.S. revenue of $ billion. It is estimated that Asia-Pacific will increase by another 30% in the year 2013 putting them ahead by more than one-third of all global ecommerce sales.

112 Comparison of free software e-commerce web application frameworks
This is a list of e-commerce software that is free and open source software without any non-free dependencies. However, it may support both free and non-free software like databases.

113 Comparison of free software e-commerce web application frameworks
Website revision systems (content management systems) may be built on a web application framework.

114 American Electronics Association - E-commerce
*[ Data Breach] - ensure that government policies to protect data and privacy do not harm the industry’s push for federal preemption of state data breach laws

115 American Electronics Association - E-commerce
*[ Privacy] - ensure that any privacy legislation protects consumers while continuing to encourage e-commerce; push for federal preemption of state privacy laws

116 American Electronics Association - E-commerce
*[ Child Online Safety] - ensure that any legislation regulates online behavior consistent with technological capabilities

117 Types of E-commerce Various types of E-commerce platforms fall into several industry classifications based upon their licensing model, sales scenario and data exchange.

118 Types of E-commerce - On Premise E-commerce
On-premise E-commerce software usually requires initial one time purchase investment in terms of licensing fees. Also, it implies extra costs related to hardware and installation services as well as data migration and on-going maintenance fees that are usually charged on a yearly basis for software updates and support. Two examples of typical on premise E-commerce platforms are Hybris (company) and Sana Commerce.

119 Types of E-commerce - On Premise E-commerce
# Easily customizable;

120 Types of E-commerce - Software as a service (SaaS) E-commerce
Software as a Service (SaaS)- is a cloud based delivery model in which applications are hosted and managed in a service provider's datacenter, paid for on a subscription basis and accessed via a browser over an internet connection. Two examples of typical SaaS E-commerce solutions are Shopify and Demandware.

121 Types of E-commerce - Software as a service (SaaS) E-commerce
# Affordable low-cost solution;

122 Types of E-commerce - Software as a service (SaaS) E-commerce
# Hosted/upgraded by E-commerce provider;

123 Types of E-commerce - Software as a service (SaaS) E-commerce
# Lack of data security;

124 Types of E-commerce - Open source E-commerce
Three examples of typical open source E-commerce platforms are PrestaShop and osCommerce, Magento and Thelia.

125 Types of E-commerce - Open source E-commerce
# Wide variety of available addons/plugins/extensions;

126 Types of E-commerce - Open source E-commerce
# Better flexibility with a customizable source code;

127 Types of E-commerce - Open source E-commerce
# More technical knowledge required;

128 Types of E-commerce - Sales scenario
There are multiple types of sales scenario that eCommerce system can combine depending on a company’s sales approach towards their customers.

129 Types of E-commerce - Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
In a Business-to-Consumer E-commerce environment, companies sell their online goods to consumers who are the end users of their products or services. Usually, B2C E-commerce web shops have an open access for any visitor, meaning that there is no need for a person to login in order to make any product related inquiry.

130 Types of E-commerce - Business-to-Business (B2B)
In a Business-to-Business E-commerce environment, companies sell their online goods to other companies without being engaged in sales to consumers. In most B2B E-commerce environments entering the web shop will require a log in. B2B web shop usually contains customer-specific pricing, customer-specific assortments and customer-specific discounts.

131 Types of E-commerce - Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
In a Consumer-to-Business E-commerce environment, consumers usually post their products or services online on which companies can post their bids. A consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that meets his price expectations.

132 Types of E-commerce - Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
In a Consumer-to-Consumer E-commerce environment consumers sell their online goods to other consumers. A well-known example is eBay.

133 Types of E-commerce - Types of data exchange
Many E-commerce software retrieve the information from a certain back-end system, such as an Enterprise resource planning (ERP) or Customer relationship management (CRM) system

134 Types of E-commerce - Integrated E-commerce
A typical example of an integrated E-commerce software is Sana Commerce.

135 Types of E-commerce - Interfaced E-commerce
An example of an interfacing E-commerce software is Magento.

136 Aritzia - E-commerce In November 2012, Aritzia launched aritzia.com. Their website showcases the entire Aritzia product collection, and each style is photographed both on and off model. Aritzia is now Omni-channel, enabling customers to shop between online and brick and mortar stores. The website also provides a digital magazine with profiles of artists and galleries of clothing trends.

137 Infibeam - E-Commerce Platform
Infibeam extended its e-commerce platform to build online stores for HiDesign, TTK Prestige and Crossword Bookstores and NDTV Shopping“Infibeam.com NDTV Enter Into eCommerce Alliance”, ecommwire.com [ Hidesign Website Uses Infibeam.com's Technology Platform] In 2011, the e-commerce platform was opened to everyone through Buildabazaar, which allows users to create their own web store.

138 E-commerce payment system
An 'e-commerce payment system' facilitates the acceptance of electronic payment for e-commerce|online transactions. Also known as a sample of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), e-commerce payment systems have become increasingly popular due to the widespread use of the internet-based shopping and banking.

139 E-commerce payment system
Over the years, credit cards have become one of the most common forms of payment for e-commerce transactions

140 E-commerce payment system
Despite widespread use in North America, there are still a large number of countries such as China, India and Pakistan that have some problems to overcome in regard to credit card security

141 E-commerce payment system
There are companies that enable financial transactions to transpire over the internet, such as PayPal

142 E-commerce payment system
The speed and simplicity with which cyber-mediary accounts can be established and used have contributed to their widespread use, although the risk of abuse, theft and other problems—with disgruntled users frequently accusing the mediaries themselves of wrongful behavior—is associated with them.

143 E-commerce payment system - Methods of Online Payment
Although credit cards are most popular in the US and some other countries, there are a few alternative systems.

144 E-commerce payment system - Net Banking
This is a system, well known in India, that does not involve any sort of physical card

145 E-commerce payment system - Net Banking
It is typically seen as being safer than using credit cards, with the result that nearly all merchant accounts in India offer it as an option.

146 E-commerce payment system - Net Banking
A very similar system, known as iDEAL, is popular in the Netherlands.

147 E-commerce payment system - PayPal
PayPal is a global e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers to be made through the Internet. Online money transfers serve as electronic alternatives to paying with traditional paper methods, such as cheque's and money orders. It is subject to the US economic sanction list and other rules and interventions required by US laws or government.

148 E-commerce payment system - PayPal
PayPal is an acquirer, performing payment processing for online vendors, auction sites, and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee

149 E-commerce payment system - PayPal
On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay. Its corporate headquarters are in San Jose, California, United States at eBay's North First Street satellite office campus. The company also has significant operations in Omaha, Scottsdale, Charlotte and Austin in the United States; Chennai in India; Dublin in Ireland; Berlin in Germany; and Tel Aviv in Israel. From July 2007, PayPal has operated across the European Union as a Luxembourg-based bank

150 E-commerce payment system - Google Wallet
Google Wallet was launched in 2011, serving a similar function as PayPal to facilitate payments and transfer money online. It also features a security that has not been cracked to date, and the ability to send payments as attachments via .

151 Fulfillment center - E-Commerce
Fulfillment houses develop intelligent e-Commerce systems to help manage the many elements within the business. The e-commerce system is adaptable and is able to integrate into clients ordering system – or even host the ordering system themselves. They also enable integration into their respective couriers system – to enable the fulfillment houses clients live information upon package deliveries.

152 Fulfillment center - E-Commerce
In the UK, The number of eCommerce parcels to be delivered will reach 940 million in 2014.

153 Digital wallet - Advantages for e-commerce sites
Upwards of 25% of online shoppers abandon their order due to frustration in filling in forms. (Graphic Arts Monthly, 1999) The digital wallet combats this problem by giving users the option to transfer their information securely and accurately. This simplified approach to completing transactions results in better usability and ultimately more utility for the customer.

154 Web usability - E-commerce
In the context of e-commerce websites, the meaning of web-usability is narrowed down to efficiency: triggering sales and/or performing other transactions valuable to the business.

155 Web usability - E-commerce
Web usability received renewed attention as many early e-commerce websites started failing in Whereas fancy graphical design had been regarded as indispensable for a successful e-business application during the emergence of internet in the 1990s, web-usability protagonists said quite the reverse was true. They advocated the KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid), which had proven to be effective in focusing end-user attention.

156 Chinese financial system - E-commerce
In the online realm, China's e-commerce industry has grown more slowly than the Europe and the US, with a significant period of development occurring from around 2009 onwards

157 Victoria's Secret - e-commerce
In 1995 Victoria's Secret began building its e-commerce website which the company launched after three years of development at 6 p.m. December 4, 1998, using the domain VictoriasSecret.com. Twenty minutes later the first order was placed on the website from a Littleton, Colorado, customer at 6:20p.m.

158 Victoria's Secret - e-commerce
It was reported that the three year development was a result of the company's concern of rolling out a half-baked website that could discourage return visits.

159 Victoria's Secret - e-commerce
Viewers who logged onto the Victoria's Secret's website to view the company's first webcast of their fashion show on February 3, 1999, were unable to view the webcast due to the Internet infrastructure Victoria Secret's selected was unable to meet user demand causing some users to be unable to view the webcast.

160 Victoria's Secret - e-commerce
A decade later in 2008 Victoria's Secret launched their website in Spanish.

161 Victoria's Secret - e-commerce
Launch of VS All Access website.

162 Gala Coral Group - E-Commerce Division
The division is responsible for the development, management and operation of all the E-Commerce activities of the Gala Coral Group. The division is also the online betting and gaming arm of the Gala Coral Group, offering a wide variety of products and betting opportunities both in the UK and internationally through the Group’s branded services.

163 Gala Coral Group - E-Commerce Division
Eurobet serves clients in over 130 countries, providing online sports betting in the following languages: English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Chinese, Greek, Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, Albanian and Czech.

164 Gala Coral Group - E-Commerce Division
The Telebet business also forms part of this division.

165 Gala Coral Group - E-Commerce Division
Other services operated by the division include Gala TV.

166 Gala Coral Group - E-Commerce Division
Gala TV is a TV gaming channel that launched on 4 October 2006 on Sky Digital (UK Ireland)|Sky Digital and Freesat channels 861. The channel shows bingo games.

167 Indiatimes - E-Commerce
Indiatimes Shopping claims it is India's largest online shopping platform featuring over 30,000 products for sale across a wide range of categories such as apparels, accessories, jewellery, consumer durables/electronics, books, music, movies, etc.

168 Indiatimes - E-Commerce
Indiatimes has also launched few vertical properties in the recent past. These include the Nokia India Shop and Satvik Shop. The former is the exclusive online store for Nokia in India, with Indiatimes being the official online distributor for Nokia in India. The latter is a website and community dedicated to selling organic and ayurveda products. Recently Indiatimes shopping had tied up with Land Mark and have listed 3 Million Books of various categories.

169 Mouser Electronics - E-commerce
The website has products from 500+ manufacturers and access to 5 million data sheets. It has a project manager with automatic re-order and Bill Of Materials(BOM) import capabilities. Users can subscribe to a Mouser newsletter. Microsites off the Mouser.com website teach about new technologies.

170 Inktel Direct - E-commerce services
Inktel supports e-commerce websites through both order warehousing, inventory management, call center order-taking, call center customer service and web development and design. Additionally, Inktel builds custom-designed customizable marketing web portals.

171 Copyright in Iran - E-commerce
The Iranian Parliament adopted the [ Electronic Commerce Law] in 2004

172 |name = E-Commerce PlaceCité du commerce électronique

173 |location = 1350 René Lévesque Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
E-Commerce Place |location = 1350 René Lévesque Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

174 |architect = Béïque Legault Thuot
E-Commerce Place |architect = Béïque Legault Thuot

175 E-Commerce Place 'E-Commerce Place' () (CCE) is an office complex of two towers located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on René Lévesque Boulevard|René-Lévesque Boulevard West between Mountain Street and Lucien L'Allier Street in Downtown Montreal.

176 E-Commerce Place It derives its name from the fact that its construction was part of a program grant from the Government of Quebec to promote the development of employment in the field of information technology. The complex provided incentives to firms specializing in electronic commerce.

177 E-Commerce Place - History
The Parti Québécois government launched the Cité du Multimédia in June 1998, which was seen as a relative success of job creation despite the progressive scaling down of the program. In its wake, the government launched the E-Commerce in May 2000.

178 E-Commerce Place - History
These projects upset members of Montreal real-estate community and some high-tech entrepreneurs because it forced companies to relocate to E-Commerce Place and Cité Multimédia in order to receive tax assistance.

179 E-Commerce Place - History
Both programs have also been criticized for promoting the construction of buildings rather than the subsidization of employment and as moving around existing jobs instead of creating new ones.

180 E-Commerce Place - History
The grant program was cancelled in 2003 following the election of the Quebec Liberal Party. This led to the cancellation of three other planned phases of the E-Commerce Place complex.

181 E-Commerce Place - Architecture
The first tower, located at 1350 René-Lévesque Boulevard West (corner Mountain Street), has 27 floors and was completed in early Its primary tenant is CGI Group, an Information technology consulting firm.

182 E-Commerce Place - Architecture
The second phase tower located at 1360 René Lévesque (corner Lucien L'Allier Street), has 17 floors and was completed in spring Tenants in the second tower include IBM and Computer Sciences Corporation|CSC.

183 E-Commerce Place - Architecture
Between the two towers is a glass enclosed common area with a convenience store and various fast food restaurants.

184 E-Commerce Place - Architecture
The building's architects were Béïque Legault Thuot.

185 Times Internet - E-Commerce
Indiatimes shopping|Indiatimes Shopping claims it is India's largest online shopping platform featuring over 30,000 products for sale across a wide range of categories such as apparels, accessories, jewellery, consumer durables/electronics, books, music, movies, etc.

186 E-commerce in India The Market penetration|penetration of e-commerce is low compared to markets like the United States and the United Kingdom but is growing[ Overview of E-commerce in India] at a much faster rate with a large number of new entrants.[ 20 Hot E-commerce startups in India] The industry consensus is that growth is at an inflection point.

187 E-commerce in India Demand for international consumer products (including long-tail items) is growing much faster than in-country supply from authorised distributors and e-commerce offerings.

188 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
India has close to 10 million online shoppers and is growing at an estimated 30%[ Consumer E-commerce in India] CAGR vis-à-vis a global growth rate of 8–10%

189 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Rising standards of living and a burgeoning, upwardly mobile middle class with high disposable incomes

190 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Availability of much wider product range (including long tail and Direct Imports) compared to what is available at brick and mortar retailers

191 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Busy lifestyles, urban traffic congestion and lack of time for offline shopping

192 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Lower prices compared to brick and mortar retail driven by disintermediation and reduced inventory and real estate costs

193 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Increased usage of online classified sites, with more consumer buying and selling second-hand goods

194 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
* Evolution of the online marketplace model with sites like Jabong.com, Flipkart, Snapdeal, and Infibeam.

195 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
As per India Goes Digital, a report by Avendus Capital, a leading Indian Investment Bank specializing in digital media and technology sector, the Indian e-commerce market is estimated at Rs 28,500 Crore ($6.3 billion) for the year 2011

196 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
On 7 March 2014 e-tailer Flipkart claimed it has hit $1 billion in sales, a feat it has managed to achieve before its own target (2015).

197 E-commerce in India - Market size and growth
Overall e-commerce market is expected to reach Rs 1,07,800 crores (US$24 billion) by the year 2015 with both online travel and e-tailing contributing equally. Another big segment in e-commerce is mobile/DTH recharge with nearly 1 million transactions daily by operator websites.

198 E-commerce in India - Closures
Though the sector has witnessed tremendous growth and is expected to grow, a lot of e-commerce ventures have faced tremendous pressure to ensure cash flows. But it has not worked out for all the e-commerce websites. Many of them like indiaplaza.com, 21diamonds.in, allshcoolstuff.com amongst others had to close down.

199 E-commerce in India - Infrastructure
Cyber security issues of e-commerce business in India would be required to be managed by Indian e-commerce stakeholders in the near future

200 E-commerce in India - Infrastructure
There could be various methods of ecommerce marketing such as blog, forums, search engines and some online advertising sites like Google adwords and Adroll.

201 E-commerce in India - Infrastructure
India has got its own version Cyber Monday known as Great Online Shopping Festival in December 2012, when Google India partnered with e-commerce companies including Flipkart, HomeShop18, Snapdeal, Indiatimes shopping and Makemytrip. Cyber Monday is a term coined in the USA for the Monday coming after Black Friday (shopping)|Black Friday, which is the Friday after Thanksgiving Day.

202 E-commerce in India - Infrastructure
In early June 2013, Amazon.com launched their Amazon India marketplace without any marketing campaigns.In July, Amazon had said it will invest $2 billion (Rs 12,000 crore) in India to expand business, after its largest Indian rival Flipkart announced $1 billion in funding.

203 E-commerce in India - Funding
As of 2012, most of the e-commerce companies are yet to start making money. However, due to their growth prospects, many venture capital firms such as Accel Partners have invested considerably. In one of the biggest fund raising, Flipkart.com, in August 2012, raised about ₹822 crores. Entertainment ticketing website BookMyShow.com raised ₹100 crores investment by Accel Partners.

204 E-commerce in India - Funding
On 10 July 2013, Flipkart announced it had received $200 million from existing investors Tiger Global, Naspers, Accel Partners, and ICONIQ Capital. New investors making up the additional $160 million include Dragoneer Investment Group, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, Sofina, Vulcan Inc. and more from Tiger Global.

205 E-commerce in India - Funding
Snapdeal - USD 50 million in 13 April.

206 E-commerce in India - Funding
May 2014 also witnessed an acquisition of Myntra by Flipkart reportedly for ₹2,000 crores. However, cyber law and e-commerce due diligence are still being ignored by investors and financial institutions while investing in India.

207 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
Legal issues of e-commerce in India are generally ignored by e-commerce websites. This may change in the near future as foreign companies and e-commerce portals would be required to register in India and comply with Indian laws. E-Commerce websites dealing with nutraceuticals, Bitcoin, Ayurvedic products, online pharmacies, online payment, online poker, etc are violating laws of India.

208 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
Enforcement directorate (ED) of India has already initiated legal actions against companies dealing with Bitcoins in India. Tax liability of foreign companies like Google, Facebook, etc is also under consideration in India.

209 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
Similarly, illegal online sales of prescribed drugs by illegal online pharmacies of India are also under scrutiny of regulatory authorities of India.

210 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
Myntra, Flipkart and many more e-commerce websites are under regulatory scanner of ED of India for violating Indian laws and policies. US-based transport application provider Uber Inc has also been questioned by the service tax department of India.

211 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
The Federation of Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Associations in India (FPBAI) has also questioned the Predatory pricing|predatory pricing tactics adopted by various e-commerce websites in India. The Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) has also decided to approach the Competition Commission of India to oppose the predatory pricingtactics of Indian e-commerce websites.

212 E-commerce in India - Regulatory Violations And Unfair Practices
Demands for introducing suitable provisions to regulate taxation, anti competitive practices and predatory pricing of Indian and foreign e-commerce websites have also been raised.

213 International Bank of Azerbaijan - E-commerce
The bank works with business customers to set up e-commerce services on the business’ website. The e-commerce system allows customers to use a Visa or MasterCard to buy merchandise and services online.

214 Internet commerce - Examples of new E-commerce system
According to eMarketer research company, “by 2017, 65.8 per cent of Britons will use smartphones”. (cited by Williams, 2014)

215 Internet commerce - Examples of new E-commerce system
A great example of this new e-commerce system is what the Burberry [ store in London did in 2012

216 Internet commerce - Examples of new E-commerce system
Another example could be Kiddicare smartphone app, in which costumers can compare prices against adversaries. Moreover, the app allows people to know where the sale products are and to check whether the item they are looking for is in stock or if they have to ask for it online without going to the `real´ store. (William, 2014)

217 Internet commerce - Examples of new E-commerce system
In the United States, Walmart [ app in which you can check the product availability and prices both online and offline. Moreover, you can also add to your shopping list items by scanning them, see their details and information, and check purchasers´ ratings and reviews.

218 Ira P. Rothken - E-Commerce Interactive Entertainment
Rothken has represented some of the most successful web sites in the world on a huge range of matters from startup issues to risk reduction strategies to development of early affiliate programs to e-commerce policies and agreements

219 Ira P. Rothken - E-Commerce Interactive Entertainment
Rothken assisted developers and content creators in negotiating agreements with some of the most valuable intellectual property franchises in the world including for example, Star Wars, The Simpsons, and CSI.

220 Ira P. Rothken - E-Commerce Interactive Entertainment
Rothken assisted in the negotiations of the sale of the FriendFinder family of websites to a Penthouse controlled entity for a half billion dollars in 2007.

221 Ira P. Rothken - E-Commerce Interactive Entertainment
Rothken was involved in the global roll out of cloud storage provider Mega and was introduced on stage by Kim Dotcom in the January 20th 2013 New Zealand press conference where he answered questions regarding the service.

222 Ira P. Rothken - E-Commerce Interactive Entertainment
Rothken has appeared as a guest legal expert on television and radio including CNN (internet privacy), KQED radio (computer keyboard injuries), FOX (internet gambling), NBC (internet copyright), CBS (internet privacy), CNET radio (internet copyright), KTVU Silicon Valley Business Report (software license agreements), Bloomberg (copyright Litigation), and Court TV (internet gambling issues and copyright litigation).

223 For More Information, Visit:
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