1. Computer
It is an electronic device which receives data, processes it and gives meaningful result.
Main operations:
Input
Storing
Processing
Output
Control

2. Architecture Of Computer
CPU

3. CPU: Performs all the processing tasks of a computer.
Also called “Brain of the Computer”.
Controls all parts of a computer system
Has three components:
Arithmetic and Logic Unit : has small locations called registers, and consists of Arithmetic and Logic sections.
Control Unit : controls the operations of CPU, and governs transfer of data between IO devices and the system.
Memory : RAM and ROM

4. Types of Computer Based on Sizes: Based on Use: Analog Computer
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer
Based on Sizes:
Super Computer
Main Frame Systems
Mini Computer
Personal Computers
Micro Computers

5. Generations of Computer
First: , Vaccum Tubes/Electronic Valves, Magnetic Drum (about 1KB memory), Speed: 333ms
Second: Transistors, Magnetic Core, tape and disk (about 100KB main memory), Speed: 10ms
Third: , Integrated Circuits, High Speed Magnetic Cores (about 1MB main memory), Speed: 100ns
Fourth: 1980-Now, Large Scale ICs, Semi-Conductor Memory(about 10 MB main memory), Speed: 10ns

6. Bits / Bytes / Words Unit Size Bit One Binary Digit Nibble 4 bits Byte
Kilobyte (KB)
1024 bytes
Megabyte (MB)
1024 KB
Gigabyte (GB)
1024 MB
Terabyte (TB)
1024 GB
Petabyte (PB)
1024 TB

7. Hardware
Examples: Motherboard, VDU, Secondary and removable storage devices, Sound Card, Peripherals etc.
Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Trackball
Joystic
Digital Camera
Microphone
Touch Screen
Scanner

8. Types of keys on a keyboard:
Alphanumeric
Special
Function
Output Devices
Monitor (Video Display Terminal)
Projector
Printer
Sound Card
Speaker
Video Card

9. Software Application Software System Software:
Software that a user uses to accomplish a particular task.
Eg: MS Word, Notepad, Adobe Reader etc.
 System Software:
Software that is designed to operate the computer hardware.
Provides a platform for running application software.
Eg: device drivers, operating systems, servers, utilities.

10. Memory RAM: ROM: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) : needs periodic refreshing.
Static RAM (SRAM): does not require periodic refreshing
ROM:
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM

11. Programming Languages of Computer
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language
eg: BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, JAVA , C#
Fourth Generation Language (4GL)

12. Programming Languages of Computer
Hardware
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High level Language

13. Programming Languages of Computer
Program Compilation
Converts program in high level language to executable machine language.
Converts entire document at once.
Program Interpretation
Converts document line by line.

14. Operating Systems
Set of programs that control, coordinate and supervises activities of a computer system.
Types of OS:
GUI
Batch Processing Operating System
Real-time Operating System
Multi- User (eg: Time Sharing Systems)
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Distributed

15. Operating Systems
Hardware OS
Application
User

16. MSDOS (Disc Operating System)
Developed by Microsoft (1981) for micro computers.
Was most popular in 80s and mid 90s
Single user OS.
Character User Interface.
Provides commands for File handling.
It is not case sensitive.
File names restricted to 8 chars.
No spaces are allowed in filenames.
It has various internal and external commands.

17. File Naming in DOS Primary Name: Secondary Name or Extensions
eg: .exe , .com, .bat, .ovr, .doc, .txt .

18. Related Questions Microsoft Word is an example of a/an SBI PO 2010
Processing device
Application Software
Input device
Ans: Application Sofware
C++ is a/an ………. language SBI PO 2010
Unnecessary
Object oriented
Developed
Machine
Assembly
Ans: Object Oriented

19. ………. is a type of input machine. SBI PO 2010
Monitor
Printer
Plotter
Keyboard
None of these
Ans: Keyboard
Which of the following is not an input unit? SBI PO 2010
Touch pad
Mouse
Scanner
Monitor
Microphone
Ans: Monitor

20. Program or instructions are included in …… of a system. PNB PO 2010
Hardware
icon
information
Software
None of these
Ans: Software
The capacity of memory is measured in terms of
PNB PO 2010
bit
byte
nibble
megabyte
All of these
Ans: megabyte

21. The place where data and program goes is known as
The place where data and program goes is known as Allahabad Bank PO 2010
mouse
keyboard
CPU CU
None of these
Ans: CPU
In MICR, C stands for
PNB PO 2010
code
color
computer
character
None of these
Ans: Character

22. Which of the following is not one of the four major data processing functions of a computer? Allahabad Bank PO 2010
Gathering data
Processing data into information
Analyzing the data or information
Storing the data or information
None of these
Ans: Analyzing the data or information.
These are specially designed computers that perform complex calculations extremely rapidly.
Syndicate Bank PO 2007
servers
Super computers
laptops
mainframes
None of these
Ans: Super computers

23. It is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do? Bank of India PO 2010
Nanoscience
Nanotechnology
Simulation AI
None of these
Ans: AI

24. Word Processor (MSWord)
Word Window and its components:
Title bar
Menu Bar
Standard Tool Bar
Ruler
Scroll Bars (Vertical and Horizontal)
Workspace
Formatting tool bar
Drawing tool bar
Status bar.

25. Look of MS Word 2003

26. Top half of Ms word:
Bottom half of Ms word:

27. Characteristics of Word
Editing Feature.
Permanent storage facility.
Formatting (Changing the text in any form)
Graphics
Thesaurus (For changing word with its Synonyms)
Find and Replace.
Headers and Footers
Page Orientation.
Spell Checker.
Mail Merge.
Bullets and Numbering.
Tables.

28. Shortcut Keys Ctrl + A: Select all components of page.
Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted section
Ctrl + I : Italic highlighted section
Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted section
Ctrl + C: Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X: Cut selected text.
Ctrl + V: Paste.
Ctrl + P: Open print window.
Ctrl + F: Open Find box.
Ctrl + Y: Redo last operation.
Ctrl + Z: Undo last operation.
Ctrl + K: Insert Link.
Ctrl + L: Align left .
Ctrl + R: Align right.
Ctrl + E: Align Centre.
Ctrl + J: Justify.
Ctrl + M: Indent Paragraph.

29. Ctrl + [ Decrease font size. Ctrl + ] Increase font size.
Ctrl + < (Ctrl + Shift + <) Decrease font size.
Ctrl + > (Ctrl + Shift + >) Increase font size.
Ctrl + [ Decrease font size.
Ctrl + ] Increase font size.
Ctrl + S Save the document.

30. MS Excel It is a spreadsheet application.
It has graphic tools, calculation support, pivot tables, and a macro-programming language called Visual Basic For Applications(VBA).

32. Terms used in Excel Worksheet Row Number Column Letter Cell
Cell Pointer
Current Cell
Range of Cells
Work Book
Data in Worksheet
Formula
Functions
Cell Referencing : Absolute/Relative/Mixed
Charts: Area/ Column/ Line/ Bar/ Pie

33. Some Excel Shortcuts Ctrl + A Select all components of page.
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted section.
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted section.
Ctrl + K Insert Link.
F2 Edit the selected cell.
F5 Go to a specific cell.
F7 Spell check selected text or document.
F11 Create chart.
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter current time.
Ctrl + ; Enter current date.
Shift + F3 Open excel formula window.
Shift + F5 Open search box.
Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks/window.
Ctrl + Page up Switch between excel worksheets in same document.
Alt + = create formula to sum all above cells into the cell currently selected.

34. Some Excel Shortcuts Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection.
Ctrl + Arrow Key Move to next section of text.
Ctrl + Space Select entire column.
Shift + Space Select entire row.
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window
Ctrl + F10 Maximize current window
Ctrl + ’ Insert value of above cell into current cell.
Ctrl + Tab Move between two or more open excel files.
Ctrl +Shift + $ Format number in currency format.

35. MS Powerpoint It is the presentation graphics part of MS Office suite.
We can create various presentation materials like charts, graphics, slides, handouts, overheads etc.
It can be used to create slide shows.
Some methods for creating new presentation are: Auto Content Wizard, Design Templates, Sample Presentation and Blank Presentation.
File formats of powerpoint are: the 2003 default .ppt(presentation), .pps (powerpoint show), .pot (template).
Custom animations can be used to create small story boards by animating pictures to enter, exit or move.
Powerpoint presentations can consist of several pages or slides.

37. Common Operations Apply a Template to a Presentation
A template is a PowerPoint presentation that defines how your text and slide background will look. A plain presentation is simply black text on a white background.
Define Slide Transition and Animation
Transition effects help define how a presentation move from one slide to the next. Animation defines how you want your listed information to come in and out of the presentation.
Edit the Slide Master or Individual Slides
The Slide Master in a template is a slide that controls the formatting, text, and objects that appear on every slide in your presentation.

38. Some Powerpoint Shortcuts
F5 Start the slide show from first slide.
Shift + F5 Start the slide show from current slide.
F7 Check the spelling of text.
Shift + F7 Thesaurus (suggest synonyms).
Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window

39. MS Access
It is an RDBMS that combines Microsoft Jet Database Engine with GUI and software development tools.
The Microsoft Jet Database Engine  ( JET stands for Joint Engine Technology), is a database engine on which several Microsoft products have been built. A database engine is the underlying component of a database.
It stores data in its own format, and can link or import data from other Access databases.
A database is a tool for collecting and organizing information.

40. MS Access
In a RDBMS data is stored in the form of tables or relations. RDBMS is a multi-table database, where tables are related to one other.
Each table has number of rows and columns.
Each column or field, represents a category
Each entry in a table is known as a row or a record.
MS Access is an RDBMS that enables us to manage relational database in windows environment.
It enables us to enter, retrieve and modify/update data and also create forms and reports.
Databases created in the Access 2007 format have the file extension .accdb, and databases created in earlier Access formats have the file extension .mdb

41. Database Objects
Tables: store data in form of rows and columns.
Queries: For viewing data from a table.
Forms: enable us to enter, view and modify in a table. Also known as “data entry screens”.
Reports: generate reports based on tables and query results.
Data Access Page: they are web pages to view and work with data from the Internet or an intranet, where data is stored in an Access database. (no longer supported in MS Access 2007).
Macros: series of commands and functions that can be executed when a task is needed to be performed.
Modules: Visual basic procedures and declarations stored as one unit.

42. Some Access Shortcuts Ctrl + N Open new DB. Ctrl + O Open existing DB.
Alt + F4 Quit Access.
Ctrl + P Open print dialog box for printing current or selected object.
P open print dialog box from print preview
S open page setup dialog box from print preview
C or Esc cancel print preview or layout preview.
F12 or Alt + F12 open Save As dialog box.
Ctrl + S or Shift + F12 or Alt + Shift + F2 : save a DB object.

43. F4 or Alt + Down Arrow : open a combo box
F9 : refresh the contents of a lookup field, list box or combo box.
Page Up: move up one page.
Page Down: move down one page.
Up Arrow: move up one line.
Tab: exit the combo box or list box.
Ctrl + F: open find tab in Find and Replace dialog box.
Ctrl + H: open replace tab in Find and Replace dialog box.
Shift + F4: to find the next occurrence of the text specified in Find and Replace dialog box when the dialog box is closed.

44. Related Questions
In application software (MS Excel), there is ……. immediately below the title bar SBI PO 2010
Text area
Menu bar
Standard tool bar
Task bar
Ans: Menu bar
Just below the formatting bar, there is SBI PO 2010
Task bar
Tool bar
Formula bar
Scroll bar
Ans: Formula bar

45. “Comic Sans Ms” is example of SBI PO 2010
Font type
Font face
Font layout
Font structure
Font design
Ans: Font face
By ……., text can be made more attractive in different colors, shapes and sizes SBI PO 2010
Word Art
Picture
Word art text box
Mail merge
None of these
Ans: Word Art

46. In which grouping, the formatting of text is done in Word? PNB PO 2010
Telephone no, date of birth, name of customer are the examples of PNB PO 2010
record
data
file
database
None of these
Ans: Data
In which grouping, the formatting of text is done in Word? PNB PO 2010
Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes.
Paragraphs, Indexes and Sections.
Characters, Sections and Paragraphs.
Indexes, Characters and Tables.
None of these
Ans: Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes.

47. The item cut during cutting and pasting process is stored temporarily in PNB PO 2010
ROM
Hard Drive
Diskette
Dashboard
Clipboard
Ans: Clipboard

48. Data Communication and Network
Signals: electric or electromagnetic encoding of data.
Signaling: propagation of signal along suitable medium.
Transmission: communication of data achieved by propagation and processing of signals.
Parallel data transmission: each wire carries a bit of information.
Series data transmission: bits are sent sequentially. (slower as compared to parallel transmission)
Synchronous transmission: characters are transmitted as groups, with control characters in beginning and end of data stream.
Asynchronous transmission: each char is transmitted separately.

49. Modes of Communication:
Simplex
Half duplex
Full duplex.
Types of Computer Network:
LAN (Local Area Network) eg: nw in a building
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) eg: nw connecting branches in different cities.
WAN ( Wide Area Network) eg: internet.
Topology: physical layout of a network.
Mesh
Star
Bus
Ring

50. Mesh Topology
Bus Topology

51. Star Topology
RingTopology

52. Tree Topology: combination of Bus and Star topology.

53. Internet
It is a global interconnection of systems, linked together by various means.
For communication to be possible an addressing mechanism and safe means of moving data is required
The rules governing the sending and receiving data are implemented in TCP and IP protocols.
TCP divides data stream into small packets.
Internet Protocol puts addressing information on these packets.
IP Address: is a 4 byte (32 bit) number that represents a logical address of a host.

54. Hosts: individual systems/machines at particular location.
IP Versions
IPv4 eg:
IPv6 eg: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (128 bits or 16 bytes)
Hosts: individual systems/machines at particular location.
Domain is a general category that a computer on internet belongs to.
Domain names serve as humanly-memorable names for Internet participants, like computers, networks, and services.
Domain Name Service(DNS): resolves queries for domain names into IP Addresses for the purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide.

55. E- Mail: used for sending electronic messages.
SMTP (Simple mail Transfer Protocol):  is an Internet standard for  transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. 
Use net and news groups are set up by people for sharing common interests.
Usenet is a worldwide distributed internet discussion system.
Telnet: is a program runs on your computer and connects your PC to a server on the network.  Telnet is a common way to remotely control web servers.

56. Gopher protocol displays set of resources on Internet in the form of menus or list of items.
World Wide Web (WWW): is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet. 
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): is the main international standardization organization for development of standards for the world wide web.
Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML): it is a tag based language that is used to create web pages.
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML):  is an ISO-standard technology for defining generalized markup languages for documents. HTML, XHTML and XML are all examples of SGML-based languages.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): used to manage transfer of HTML documents.

57. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): is a way to avail resources on internet.
Browser: is an application program which is used to explore internet resources.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP- based network.
Modem (Modulator-Demodulator): enables a computer to transmit data over telephone line.
Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) : is a client- server text searching system that is used to search index databases or libraries on remote computers.
Mosaic is the web browser credited with popularizing the WWW. developed at the National Centre for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It gives access to internet resources by using GUI allowing users to navigate through documents.

58. Information Technology
IT refers to the branch of  engineering that deals with manipulation, storage, retrieval and transmission(sharing) of information.
It includes both hardware and software.
IT now plays a major role in our day-to- day activities, and has automated various tasks which were earlier done manually.

59. Computer Virus
A computer virus is a malicious program that can copy itself and infect various systems.
It spreads from one computer to another via network or internet, or through a removable media such as floppy disc, CD, DVD, USB drives etc.
Some of the most popular viruses that came into light so far are:
I Love You (2000)
Code Red (2001)
Nimada (2001)
Melissa (1999)
Sasser (2004)

60. Some Antivirus software are:
Malware, short for malicious software, is software to help hackers disrupt users computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, adware, and other malicious programs.
Antivirus Software can be used as preventive measure from viruses. They can destroy or remove viruses by finding them.
Back up of data on other mediums can negate the losses incurred if data gets misplaced.
Some Antivirus software are:
Symantec Norton Antivirus
Kaspersky Antivirus
McAfee Antivirus
Panda Security
Trend Micro
Bitdefender

61. Related Questions What is the full form of PPP? SBI PO 2010
Power to Process Point
Point to Point Protocol
Point to Power Protocol
Protocol for Powerpoint
None of these
Ans: Point to Point Protocol
In HTML, which tag is used to give background color?
SBI PO 2010
<Bg>
<Bg colour>
<Bgc>
<Background>
Ans: <Bg colour>

62. To hyperlink on web page through HTML which tag is used?
SBI PO 2010
<a href>
<a>
<link>
<hlink>
<href>
Ans: <a href>
…. Is a folder where virus suspected files are kept.
SBI PO 2010
Junk Mail
Spam Mail
Both 1 and 2
Delete
Virus affected folder
Ans: both 1 and 2

63. Which tag is used to invoke form from HTML language?
…. does work related to exchange of data between the computers .
SBI PO 2010
Sound Card
Network Card
Expansion Slot
Modem
None of these.
Ans: Modem
Which tag is used to invoke form from HTML language?
SBI PO 2010
<Form>
<Form method post>
<Form invoke>
<Form>< invoke>
None of these
Ans: <Form method post>