1. TAKS Objective 2 The Human Body System (11th Grade Blitz)

2. Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms

3. Circulatory System
Transports oxygen (by hemoglobin in the red blood cells), nutrients, and needed materials to the cells; transport wastes from cells to other parts of the body
Heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins)

4. Circulatory System interacting with other systems
Digestive
Blood carries digested nutrients to body cells.
Nervous
The brain stem controls heart rate.
Skeletal
Bone marrow produces blood cells,
Endocrine
Blood carries hormones throughout the body.
Reproductive
Nutrients diffuse through the placenta and are carried to the embryo through blood vessels in the umbilical cord.
Integumentary
Platelets in the blood help close small cuts in the skin,
Immune
White blood cells attack pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Excretory
Waste products are filtered from the blood in the kidneys.
Muscular
The heart is largely composed of muscle tissue.
Respiratory
Oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs.

5. (also called Gastrointestinal tract) break down food chemically (with enzymes) and mechanically (chewing & peristalsis) into nutrients the body can use. The nutrients are delivered to the blood stream through the the small intestines.
Mouth (tongue teeth, salivary glands), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Accessory organs: liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Digestive System

6. Nervous System
Detect and respond to changes in the environment; transmit information as electrochemical impulses throughout the body
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Cells of the nervous system which transmit the impulses are called neurons

7. Skeletal System
Support and movement of body, protect internal organs, produce blood cells (bone marrow)
Bones, cartilage

8. Endocrine System
Secrete hormones (chemicals) that work to regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis (balance)
Pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal, thymus, thryroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, testes (males), ovaries (females)

9. Reproductive System Produce offspring
Males: testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, penis
Females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breast

10. Integumentary System
Provide barrier between body and external environment; help maintain homeostasis
Skin, hair, nails

11. Respiratory System
Brings oxygen into the body and eliminates and carbon dioxide (gas exchange) between body and external environment.
The gases travels through the blood stream
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm
Gas exchange (CO2 with O2)

12. Respiratory System interacting with other systems
Digestive
The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food.
Nervous
The brain stem regulates breathing.
Skeletal
The rib cage expands to help move air into the lungs.
Endocrine
Hormones can contribute to asthma attacks.
Reproductive
Breathing rate increases to provide the extra oxygen needed during labor.
Integumentary
Cells lining the nostrils produce mucus that keeps the nearby tissue from drying out
Immune
Mucus lining the respiratory passages helps trap pathogens.
Excretory
The respiratory system removes the waste gas carbon dioxide from the body.
Muscular
Contraction of the diaphragm helps move air into the lungs.

13. Muscular System Move body and pump blood throughout the body
Heart and other muscles of the body
Pairs of opposing muscles work together to move bones and joints. (i.e. When the bicep muscle contracts, the triceps muscle relaxes and vice versa).

14. Muscular System interacting with other systems
Digestive
Muscles churn the stomach to aid in digestion.
Nervous
Signals travel down the spinal cord to the muscles.
Skeletal
The contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles moves bones.
Endocrine
Hormones cause males to put on more muscle mass during puberty.
Reproductive
Muscle contractions in the uterus push the fetus out during labor.
Integumentary
Muscles raise the hair on the arms and legs to help retain heat.
Immune
Sneezing involves involuntary muscle contractions.
Excretory
Muscle contractions are involved in emptying the urinary bladder.
Respiratory
Breathing rate increases during exercise to help meet the increased oxygen demand by skeletal muscles.

15. Excretory System (includes organs of the urinary, integumentary respiratory & digestive system)
Removes wastes
Kidneys, bladder, lungs, skin, intestines and rectum

16. Immune System Protects body from diseases
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, White blood cells (helper T cells)

17. Let’s try some practice questions!

18. A portion of the human excretory system is represented in the diagram above. The order in which urine flows through the system is —
F. urethra bladder ureter kidney
G. ureter kidney bladder urethra
H. kidney ureter bladder urethra
J. bladder urethra kidney ureter

19. Which body system is directly
responsible for delivering nutrients
to cells throughout the body?
A. Circulatory system
B. Integumentary system
C. Endocrine system
D. Respiratory system

20. Red marrow is the principal tissue that produces red blood cells in humans. In which body system is red marrow found?
F. Integumentary system
G. Respiratory system
H. Nervous system
J. Skeletal system

21. The diagram represents a human arm.
Which structure is most responsible for
moving the arm to a straighter position?
A. Tendons of origin
B. Biceps
C. Radius
D. Triceps

22. A. fit in more than one organ system
Food is digested in the gastrointestinal tract to provide nutrients to the body. In addition, various hormones secreted from the lining of a few digestive organs allow other organs to function properly.
According to this information, some organs of the gastrointestinal tract —
A. fit in more than one organ system
B. perform only one function at a time
C. supply the body with platelets
D. produce soluble vitamins

23. In the diagram above, one cell creates and releases chemicals that travel to a second cell and quickly induce that cell into action. This diagram represents part of the —
A. endocrine system
B. skeletal system
C. muscular system
D. nervous system

24. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells
Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells. Which body system contains hemoglobin?
A. Circulatory system
B. Respiratory system
C. Endocrine system
D. Nervous system

25. Nutrients from digested food
move from the digestive system
directly into the —
A. circulatory system
B. integumentary system
C. excretory system
D. endocrine system

26. When a person is frightened by a wild animal, some organ systems immediately become active, while others are suppressed. Which of these systems is likely to be suppressed?
F. Muscular system
G. Respiratory system
H. Endocrine system
J. Digestive system

27. How is the circulatory system related to the digestive system?
F The brain stem controls the heart rate.
G Blood carries nutrients to body cells.
H Stomach muscles contract and expand.
J The pharynx is a passageway for air
and food.

28. How is the excretory system most likely to respond when an animal is thirsty?
F. By relaxing the smooth muscles
G. By retaining body fluids
H. By absorbing heat from lymph glands
J. By releasing hormones

29. Because chewing begins the breakdown of food before it is swallowed, digestion starts in the mouth and throat. Which of the following systems aids most in this early stage of digestion?
A. Immune system
B. Excretory system
C. Muscular system
D. Respiratory system