1. Dot Game Each person draws a Dot from the cup. Do not tell anyone what color dot you’ve drawn. Goal for Black Dots is to form largest group of Black Dots possible without any Red Dots Goal for Red Dots is to become a member of largest Black Dot group If you suspect anyone of being a Red Dot, share that information with others. You are rewarded if... – You are a part of the largest group of Black dots without any Red Dots – You are a lone Red Dot to infiltrate a group of Black Dots

2. The Dot Game Directions DO NOT SHOW/TELL ANYONE WHAT IS ON YOUR PAPER AT ANY POINT THROUGHOUT THE GAME!!! You will have 5 minutes to try create the largest group of non-dots. Be sure to try to figure out who the dots are and keep them out of your group! In the end, if you have any “dots” in your group, your group will automatically be disqualified. Be careful who you trust and let in your group!

3. Debrief/Reflection How did you feel when you discovered you were a black dot? Or were a red dot? – For those who were red dots – how did you convince others you were not a red dot? How did you feel if you were accused of being a red dot? What emotions fueled this activity?

4. The Cold War at Home

5. The Cold War so far…

6. The National Security Act of 1947 Created major defense agencies that continue today: Department of Defense (DoD) Air Force (USAF) Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) National Security Council (NSC) We were slowly returning to a war-time mentality. Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, “proxy wars” abroad Creation of “military-industrial complex”

7. Government Intervention House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)- special Congressional committee to investigate suspected Communists and influence in the U.S. – Led by Martin Dies (during WWII) and Francis Walter Loyalty Review Board – “blacklisting”: people denied a privilege based on suspected Communist ties HUAC’s investigation of espionage: – Alger Hiss, 1948, resulted in conviction for perjury, and convinced many of the usefulness of HUAC (later found innocent) – Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, 1951-1953, convicted of passing information concerning the construction of nuclear weapons to the Soviets (executed by electric chair)

8. Left: “It’s Okay-We’re Hunting Communists” Herblock, 1947 Right: “Fire.” Herblock, 1949

9. HUAC and the Public “Hollywood 10”: list of 10 Hollywood producers, directors, actors, and writers investigated by HUAC; refused to testify citing their 1 st amendment rights HUAC and Congress find them guilty and in contempt and all serve jail sentences of 6 to 12 months in prison Hollywood 10 were blacklisted – could not be hired in the movie industry "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor.” teachers Anti-communist campaign extended into schools— hundreds of teachers were investigated and lost their jobs as a result of being named as teaching "subversive" or “anti- American” ideas

11. "You read books, eh?" Herblock,1949, The Washington Post

12. Joseph McCarthy Senator Joseph McCarthy was an anti-Communist activist, but ineffective legislator; needed an issue to win reelection – Used growing anxiety over Communism to fuel his popularity Tactics : He claims there are Communists in State Department Claimed he had a list of suspected communists: “I have in my hand...” Becomes known as McCarthyism --- attacking suspected Communists without evidence Millions forced to take loyalty oaths & investigated McCarthy’s downfall Accuses members of U.S. Army TV hearings show him bullying witnesses and he has no proof Loses public support; condemned by Senate

13. McCarthyism called a “witchhunt”; inspiration for Arthur Miller’s The Crucible

14. "Have a care, sir" Dwight Eisenhower refused to take a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's aggressive anti-communist campaign Throughout his political career, Dwight Eisenhower refused to take a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's aggressive anti-communist campaign. Half a dozen Republican senators, including Ralph Flanders, joined Margaret Chase Smith in a "declaration of conscience" against McCarthy. Eisenhower, however, continued to speak of "justice and fair play" in fighting communism, and it was a long time before they prevailed. "Have a care, sir," March 4, 1954 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (33)

15. President Harry Truman spoke against "scaremongers and hatemongers" who "are trying to create fear and suspicion among us by the use of slander, unproved accusations, and just plain lies.“ As Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign against State Department and Justice Department officials continued, President Harry Truman spoke against "scaremongers and hatemongers" who "are trying to create fear and suspicion among us by the use of slander, unproved accusations, and just plain lies.“ "Say, what ever happened to 'freedom-from-fear'?" August 13, 1951 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (31)

16. "Stand fast, men -- They're armed with marshmallows" denounced the Girl Scouts, calling the "one world" ideas advocated in their publications "un- American." Even with Senator Joseph McCarthy on the wane, the general hysteria continued in many forms by assorted super patriots. In the summer of 1954, a branch of the American Legion denounced the Girl Scouts, calling the "one world" ideas advocated in their publications "un- American." "Stand fast, men--They're armed with marshmallows," August 11, 1954 Reproduction from original drawing Published in the Washington Post (35)