1. Photographs

2. Photographic Importance A photo can communicate more than words Photos lower the reader’s resistance to literary content and provide a shortcut to effective communication They bring realism and authenticity to a document – studies show that readers are more likely to believe a story, statistic or chart if a photo is associated with it

3. What’s Good & What’s Bad To more fully understand this – take Photography I and/or II What are some things that make photos bad? –Poor exposure –Poor framing Good photographers have an eye for where to point the camera and when to click the shutter

4. Elements of a Good Photo Dominant Feature (concentrate on the subject) Background (use it to add subtext to a photo) Lighting (reflect light, watch shadows, cloudy days are the best to shoot outdoor)

5. Elements of a Good Photo A decisive moment (taken at the optimum instant) Emotional content (does it evoke a response) Powerful visual imagery (geometry, tone, composition) Strong cropping & framing (trimming away items that distract and help you focus on dominant element)

6. Elements of a Good Photo

7. Technical Fine-Tuning Be aware of the numerous technical factors that influence how a photo looks –Focus (use sharp focus unless going for a look) –Clarity (watch graininess or diffusion) –Contrast (makes whites whiter, and blacks blacker) –Brightness (make sure it neither too dark or too light)

8. Critique Photos

13. Placing Photos on the Page Direction –People should always be looking into your piece –If they’re looking off, your audience will as well –You can flip a picture horizontally, but watch what you affect Grouping –Avoid peppering them around the page –Group together and allow size to measure importance

14. Placing Photos on the Page Bleeds –Giving the illusion that there is more out there beyond the page by placing a photo to the edge –Landscapes are well suited for bleeds, mug shots are not –Watch how you print though Captions –Always include captions and photo credits –Captions receive high readership: sell your story with them –Use a contrasting, supportive type style to use throughout

15. Placing Photos on the Page Dominant Photos –Tell the reader where to look first –Can be obtained by size or visual element Lines of Force –Each photo has its own internal geometry, which influences a page’s overall design –Make sure everything is straight and balanced Achieve Motion Through Sequences

16. Critique Placement

17. Scientific America Union Scientist find cure for cancer

18. Technical Details Memory Requirements –As resolution increases, so does the file size –For print, generally 300dpi is fine Printing Requirements –We’re printing with a high quality laser printer, so our scanned images should print out nicely – know thy system though –If quality is a must, let a professional printer do it

19. Technical Details What advantages scanned photos allow us: –Utility for conceptualizing where the photo should go –Communicating how the image should look to a printer Moiré Patterns –An unattractive pattern of dots that occurs after reducing halftones –Use at original size, have a print shop produce the halftone, or use Photoshop to resize the image.

20. Photo Files Types B&W Photos GIF (.gif) TIFF (.tif) PICT (.pct) Color Photos JPEG (.jpg) TIFF (.tif) PICT (.pct)

21. Altering Photographs Cropping –Simplest, most powerful tool for improving photos –Use Pagemaker’s tool or crop in PhotoShop Touching up problem spots or adding elements –Can be done conventionally or in PhotoShop –Is the photo real or fake – ethical issues arise

22. Altering Photos

23. Scanning Fun Let’s go to the Media Lab