3. Afghanistan

6. Afghanistan: Asia

7. Bordering Countries

8. Notes Geography of Afghanistan  Continent of Asia  Region of Central – South Asia  Borders with:  Iran  Turkmenistan  Uzbekistan  Tajikistan  Pakistan  Landscape: rugged, mountains, dry

9. Opium Poppy

10. Opium Poppy Production

11. Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle

12. World Opium Trade Routes

13. Increased Production in Afghanistan

14. Opium Growing in Afghanistan

15. Notes Opium Production and Trade  Major Producers  Golden Crescent  Golden Triangle  Latin America  Roots to U.S.  direct from Mexico / Columbia  via Caribbean  via “Nigerian Connection”

16. Notes Brief history timelines of modern Afghanistan  1980 – 1989:  Soviet Invasion / Occupation  U.S. funds and supplies Mujahedeen rebels  1989 – 1996:  Civil War  1996:  Taliban seizes control  support for Al-Qaida (Osama bin Laden)  1998:  bin Laden blamed for U.S. Embassy bombings  2001:  9/11 attacks (Al-Qaida and bin Laden)  U.S. invasion

17. NATO Occupation

20. The Sides of the War Communists  North Vietnam military  NLF (Viet Cong) Capitalists  South Vietnam military  U.S. military

21. 1954: North Vietnam  Ho Chi Minh  Communist  supporting NLF in South

22. 1954: South Vietnam  President: Ngo Dinh Diem  Capitalist  supported by U.S.  struggling against NLF (Vietcong)

23. 1961: USAF Bombings & U.S. military “advisors”  U.S. President Kennedy sends military advisors to South Vietnam  U.S. supports President Diem against NLF  U.S. begins bombing North Vietnam

24. 1963: Diem Assassinated  Diem very unpopular  NLF growing stronger  CIA supports murder of Diem  U.S. replaced Diem with President Theiu

25. 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident  U.S. in navy battle against North Vietnamese torpedo boats  U.S. Congress passes Gulf of Tonkin resolution

26. 1968: Tet Offensive  surprise attacks by NLF and North Vietnamese against U.S.

27. Video Clip

28. 1968: My Lai Massacre  U.S. troops kill 500 civilians  many of the massacred were women and children  many women raped, then shot

29. 1968: Chicago Anti-war Protest  protestors in Lincoln Park during convention  Chicago Police Dept. used force to remove protestors  The Chicago 8 on trial for conspiracy

30. 1970: Cambodia / Laos  U.S. President Nixon claims withdrawal of U.S. troops  U.S. invades and bombs Cambodia and Laos

31. 1970: Kent State Shootings  Ohio National Guard fires on unarmed student protestors

32. 1973: U.S. Withdrawal  U.S. begins troop withdrawal from Vietnam  over 50,000 U.S. troops dead, 300,000 wounded  about 5 million Vietnamese dead

33. 1975: Fall of Saigon  NLF and North Vietnamese seize Saigon  South Vietnamese surrender  Last Americans evacuate

34. Video Clip Conclusion

36. South Bronx, 1970s  End of Vietnam War  Heroin (15% of vets came back as addicts)  Gang Violence  Economic recession  Arsons

37. South Bronx, 1970s

38. Hip Hop Musical Influences  Jamaica Music Scene:  Yard Parties  DJ battles  Reggae  Dub  American Music Scene:  Soul  Funk  Disco

39. DJ Kool Herc  Jamaican immigrant family  DJ for back to school parties in 1520 Sedgwick Rec. Room  Isolated and extended “the break” using 2 turn-tables with the same record

40. DJ Kool Herc

41. Afrika Bambaataa  1 st combined 4 elements of Hip Hop  founded Zulu Nation, a cultural and political “crew” that included:  b-boys / b-girls,  graffiti artists,  DJs and  MCs

42. Afrika Bambataa

43. Grandmaster Flash  added “scratching”  furthered presence of MCs  moved Hip Hop out of South Bronx  MC Cowboy Wiggins starts terms “Hip Hop”

44. Grandmaster Flash

45. the 4 Elements  DJing (Deejay)  MCing (emcee)  Break-dancing (breakers, b-boys, b-girls)  Graffiti (tags, bombing, burners)

46. Break-dancing

47. Rock Steady Crew

48. Graffiti