2. LATIN AMERICA

3. Timeframe: About 2600 B.C. to about 1200 A.D. Main Idea: Early people survived by using land and resources in Latin America

4.  Central America has the most active volcanoes in all of the Americas.  Andes Mountains: western coast of South America formed when two plates collided and pushed a tall ridge of earth up  The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world, running out of the Andes Mountains and into the Atlantic Ocean.  The Eastern Highlands in South America consist of rocky plateaus, domes and hills.

5. Early Peoples Chile Peru  Monte Verde is an historical site in Chile.  Many artifacts have been found like digging sticks and spears.  The people of Monte Verde moved from place to place for more plants and animals.  The oldest known city in the Americas is Caral, Peru, more than 4,000 years ago.  The society in Caral was very advanced. There is evidence of weaving, basket making and ceramic work.

6.  The Olmec were highly skilled people.  They migrated to Central America about 3,500 years ago.  They contributed art, architecture, calendars and jewelry  They influenced the Maya and Aztec people.

7. Conquest in Latin America Time frame 1400 -1533 The Spanish and Portuguese conquered many of the native people of Latin America. Many Cultural traditions are still practiced today.

8. Pizarro Conquers the Inca Between 1400 & 1500 the Spanish people were able to conquer the Inca which increased their land and wealth. Between 1400 & 1500 the Spanish people were able to conquer the Inca which increased their land and wealth. The imperil city of Cuzco was a great city of riches with a palace and a great temple. The imperil city of Cuzco was a great city of riches with a palace and a great temple. Inca emperor Huayna Capac conquered the west coast of South America Inca emperor Huayna Capac conquered the west coast of South America Spanish explorer Francisca Pizarro captured emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and killed thousands of his followers Spanish explorer Francisca Pizarro captured emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and killed thousands of his followers

9. The Portuguese in Brazil During the 1400 & 1500s Portugal explored the world During the 1400 & 1500s Portugal explored the world Explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral explored the East coast and founded Brazil Explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral explored the East coast and founded Brazil The area the Portuguese explored had no gold or silver so they used the soil for growing several crops The area the Portuguese explored had no gold or silver so they used the soil for growing several crops They planted successful crops of sugar cane which greatly influenced their economic system They planted successful crops of sugar cane which greatly influenced their economic system

10. The Contributions of Native people Spain and Portugal introduced horses for hunting and battle Spanish and Portugeuse exploration were a strong influence to the development of Latin America A group of people called the Mestizos arose, a mixed blood of Native American and European people.

11. Timeframe: about 1620 to about 1730 Main idea: In a Social and Political way, life depended on forced labor.

12. People there found much gold, but silver was the main hit! People there found much gold, but silver was the main hit! There was a taxed labor that required native American men to work for the Spanish There was a taxed labor that required native American men to work for the Spanish Spain made a government to control the silver production so that it went smoothly Spain made a government to control the silver production so that it went smoothly 1730 there was a rebellion between Creoles and Peninsulars which was caused by differences in traditions 1730 there was a rebellion between Creoles and Peninsulars which was caused by differences in traditions

13.  Sugar was the main source of wealth in Spain  Brazil began importing huge numbers of people from Africa to use as slaves  Raising sugar cane was difficult work, and plantation worker’s lives were harsh

14. All kinds of people were brought from Africa to be slaves (in Brazil and the Caribbean) All kinds of people were brought from Africa to be slaves (in Brazil and the Caribbean) They brought legacies from Africa, like singing and dancing They brought legacies from Africa, like singing and dancing Many slaves became Christian but some still held some beliefs from their home land Many slaves became Christian but some still held some beliefs from their home land Ancestors of these people still live there today and carry on similar traditions Ancestors of these people still live there today and carry on similar traditions

15. Unit 4: Unrest In Latin America Time frame 1765 – 1785 Unrest in Latin America was caused by taxes and harsh rules

16. Spain's Control Spain wanted to increase wealth and improve government Natives have been taxed by the kings People wanted to work less and have less taxes The native people rebelled against taxes Native people wanted land to be more equally divided

17. Tupac Amaru 2 The new taxes and years or abuse led native people in Peru to revolt At first Tupac Amaru tried peaceful means to satisfy the people in Peru Then he raised an army of Indians that revolted in 1780 The revolt spread throughout Peru and south into Bolivia and Argentina

18. The Comunero Rebellion In 1780 another Latin American revolt broke out against the Spanish it was the Comunero Rebellion The native people wanted land divided more fairly The native people and Mestizos wanted lower taxes and not be forced to work as much Revolt in Latin America was not over

19. 1790 to 1820 France had Control over Latin America, and they didn’t like it, this started conflict.

20. Few European land owners were wealthy most were middle class Some mulattos (mixed African/European background) were landowners but they were not treated equal as Europeans Slaves had barley any rights and no laws stated slaves should be treated fairly Many slaves died from the bad living conditions.

21. By the early 1800’s, Mexico had been under Spanish rule for 300 years. The Peninsulares held the most power and the most important jobs in the government. Most Mestizos and natives had very little voice in the government and the natives were very poor. Miguel Hidalgo, a priest, rang the church bells on September 16, 1821 and led the fight to Mexican independence. After Hidalgo was put to death more struggles for freedom continued for many years

22. Spain had complete control over Latin America’s economies Their resources were sent to Spain, they were not allowed to trade with other countries, and they had to buy goods from Spain. Latin America did not like this, they wanted to develop their own industries and produce their own goods. The first Spanish colony to demand freedom was Venezuela, who declared independence in 1811. This encouraged other colonies to demand freedom and independence too.

23. Unit 6: Years of Revolution and Change Time frame: 1810-1840 Main Idea: South America broke free from Spain and declared their independence.

24. South America Breaks Free Brazil declared independence without bloodshed The ruler of Portugal's was Dom Pedro I 1825 Brazil was a nation that belonged to Portugal Dom Pedro freed Brazil on September,7 1822 Two important leaders in Spain ‘s independence were Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar Bolivar led a surprise attack on Columbia they gained independence in 1819. Bolivar freed Venezuela in 1819. In 1822 Bolivar and San Martin joined forces to free Ecuador. South America was finally free from Spanish rule

25. Central America and Mexico Colonies faced government issues after independence Colonies faced government issues after independence The kingdom of Guatemala united with Mexico in 1822,but the union ended in 1823 The kingdom of Guatemala united with Mexico in 1822,but the union ended in 1823 By 1840, all of the provinces had their own independent country with their own system of government By 1840, all of the provinces had their own independent country with their own system of government After independence, Mexico suffered economic troubles, power struggles and civil war After independence, Mexico suffered economic troubles, power struggles and civil war

26. Independence in the Dominican Republic In the early 1800’s the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola was home to the French colony Haiti and the Spanish colony, Santo Domingo Haiti was the first to declare independence in 1804 Juan Pablo Duarte secretly organized a rebel force to drive out Haitians, leading to Dominican Republic independence in 1844.

27. Unit 7: Power Struggle in Latin America Timeframe: 1863-1870 Main Idea: The years 1850-1870 were a time of conflict over power and territory in Latin America.

28. The Fight For Reform In Mexico Santa Anna sold Le Mesilla Valley to the Americas, which was called the Gadsen Purchase. Napoleon III sent more than 30.000 troops to march into Mexico City. Napoleon III sends Maximillian, the archduke of Austria, to be emperor of Mexico. Benito Juarez defeats Maximillian, and then becomes president of Mexico.

29. A War Over Borders Lopez, Paraguay’s dictator wanted to build his power. Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay join together to form the Triple Alliance to fight Paraguay. Paraguay stood no chance of winning, but Lopez would not give up. Lopez died saying" I die with my homeland!” This battle in 1870 marked the end of the war with the Triple Alliance

30. Results of the War Paraguay lost the War of the Triple Alliance. Triple Alliance countries lost over 100,000 soldiers. Brazil & Argentina gained land from Paraguay It Took a long time for Paraguay to recover.

31. Main ides: New people arrived in Latin America in the1800’s and 1900’s hoping for a better life. Unit 8 Timeframe:1877 -1898

32. Europeans came to Latin America in late 1800’s and early 1900’s Newcomers came seeking for a better life and trying to get successful jobs These Europeans where from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, and Russia Many worked on coffee or wheat plantations or found jobs in the city

33. Trade increased between Latin America and other nations in the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s This happened because of the worldwide demand for goods from Latin America’s farms and mines There were improvements in technology and transportation A refrigerator ship was invented which kept foods from spoiling on the ship during trading trips Some exports included coffee, fruit, sugar, silver The Central Railway was completed in Peru in 1893

34. Peru lost its southern mineral rich land to Chili in The War of the Pacific in the late 1800’s Wars also effected Bolivia, it lost its coastal lands which effected its trade because it lost use of ports In the Spanish – American war Spain gave up all claims to Cuba The U.S. gained Puerto Rico, and American forces controlled Cuba until early 1900’s

35. Unit: 9 Latin America and the World Timeframe: about 1917 to 2000 Main idea: most Latin American countries gained democratic governments

36. New Government In the 1900s military dictators took over governments in many Latin American countries In the 1900s military dictators took over governments in many Latin American countries People had few rights and lived in poverty People had few rights and lived in poverty A small number of people were wealthy A small number of people were wealthy In the 1920s many Latin American countries worked to bring greater equality In the 1920s many Latin American countries worked to bring greater equality to their societies to their societies

37. Other Nations In the 1900’s the relationship between Latin America and the United States improved In 1914 the Panama canal was completed, but owned by the U.S. until 1999 The OAS(Organization of American States) provided for peaceful settlement and cooperation I In1962 the OAS supported the USA during the Cuban Missile crisis International organizations and agreements played an important role in Latin America’s economic development.

38. Continuing Concerns for Latin America Many American Countries face the problem of how to use their natural resources the best Many American Countries face the problem of how to use their natural resources the best LA governments are working on ways to use their natural resources but without destroying the rain forest LA governments are working on ways to use their natural resources but without destroying the rain forest The Xingu Park is for indigenous peoples to live. The Xingu Park is for indigenous peoples to live. Xingu Park Native people