1. Carly Nyst Head of International Advocacy A race to the bottom? Trends in privacy and surveillance in Asia, Africa and Latin America

2. Challenges to privacy Surveillance, intelligence and law enforcement SIM card registration ID and Biometrics DNA databases

3. Surveillance and interception trends Increasingly permissive surveillance laws – Kenya (Prevention of Terrorism Act 2012): indefinite interception – Philippines (Cybercrime Prevention Act 2012) Access to communications data UK (Communications Data Bill 2012) South Korea – 36 million times a year Establishment of monitoring centres – India CMS – Uganda (Regulation of Interception of Communications Act 2010) – Kenya (Network Early Warning System (NEWS) to monitor incoming and outgoing email traffic)

4. Direct access to telecommunications infrastructure – Colombia (Ministries of Justice and ICTs Decree 1704/2012) – NSA/GCHQ/Five Eyes spying arrangements More power to intelligence services – Kenya (National Intelligence Services Act 2012) – South Africa (General Intelligence Laws Amendment Bill 2011) Extraterritorial application of surveillance technologies – Pakistan (FTB 2012)

5. New surveillance technologies

6. SIM card registration 48/54 countries in Africa require mandatory registration of SIM cards

8. Identity cards and biometrics

9. DNA databases

10. Positive developments – data protection Scaling back of data retention laws “the globalisation of Convention 108” Heading towards the ubiquity of data protection legislation However, still regional weaknesses

11. Data retention Cf. African Union (?) Australia Romania Germany Czech Republic Argentina Canada Sweden Austria (?)

12. Data protection – global landscape

13. Data protection – Latin America Legislation existing in Argentina (2000) Chile (1999) Colombia (2012) Costa Rica (2011) Mexico (2010) Nicaragua (2012) Peru (2011) Uruguay (2008) Draft bills in Brazil Dominica Dominican republic Grenada Jamaica Barbados Cayman Islands

14. Data Protection – Asia-Pacific Legislation existing in Hong Kong (1995) Japan (2003) Malaysia (2010) Nepal (2007) Philippines (2012) Singapore (2012) Vietnam (2010) Taiwan (2010) New Zealand (2010) Australia (2001) Draft bills in Thailand

15. Data protection – Africa and Middle East Legislation existing in Cape Verde (2001) Ghana (212) Morocco (2009) Senegal (2008) Tunisia (2004) Yemen (2012) Zimbabwe (2002) Draft bills in Tanzania South Africa Nigeria Niger Mali Madagascar Kenya

16. The future?