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Aquatic Biomes.

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Presentation on theme: "Aquatic Biomes."— Presentation transcript:

1 Aquatic Biomes

2 Water on the Earth 75% - 78% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water

3 How much freshwater? Of all the water available on Earth…
Only 3% is freshwater Of the 3% freshwater, 2% is tied up in glaciers and icebergs… Only leaving less than 1% available to humans.

4 Types of Life in An Aquatic Biome

5 What factors influence the kind of life an aquatic biome contains?
Salinity Depth (Sunlight) Speed of water flow Dissolved oxygen levels

6 Major types of aquatic biomes
Salt Water Estuaries** Coastlines Coral Reefs Coastal Marshes** Mangrove Swamps** Oceans ** May be brackish Fresh Water Streams Rivers Lakes Ponds Wetlands (inland)

7 Limnology The study of fresh water and its ecosystems
The study of freshwater ecosystems can be divided into 2 systems 1. Lentic – standing water (little or no current) 2. Lotic – flowing water

8 Examples of Lentic Systems
Standing water Lakes Ponds Wetlands Marshes Swamps bogs

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10 Lakes Oligotrophic: poorly nourished Eutrophic: richly nourished

11 Examples of Lotic Systems
Moving water Rivers Streams

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13 Life Found in Aquatic Systems

14 Phytoplankton “Plant Plankton” Free Floating Microscopic
Cynobacteria or algae Producers Contain cholorphyll - photosynthetic Support most aquatic food chains and food webs

15 Did you know???? Plants in the ocean produce over half the world's oxygen. The most important plants in the ocean are too small to be seen without a microscope. They float near the surface and drift with the currents, so they have been named phytoplankton (phyto=plant, plankton=drifter). Phytoplankton are the 'grass' of the sea. Where they grow there is food for marine animals. Ocean color tells you how much phytoplankton there is in the water.

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17 Zooplankton “Animal Plankton” Non-photosynthetic
Consumers (herbivores) Feed on phytoplankton Single Celled Protozoa to larger invertebrates such as jellyfish Many zooplankton are larval stages of familiar animals

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19 Nekton Strong Swimmers Consumers Fish, turtles, Whales

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21 Benthos Bottom Dwellers Habitats:
Anchor to one spot: barnacles, oysters Burrow in mud or sand: worms Walk on bottom: Lobsters, crabs Habitats: Intertidal zones, rocky shores, tide pools Muddy Sandy communities Deep ocean/ coral reefs Hydrothermal vent areas archaebacteria

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23 Decomposers Break down organic compounds into simple nutrients that can be used by producers Break down dead bodies and waste

24 Characteristics of an Aquatic Biome

25 Have less pronounced and fixed physical boundaries
Makes it difficult to count and manage populations due to the size of the ocean and many organisms are largely hidden from view

26 Catch and release Tagging with electronic monitors Acoustics used to measure Krill Populations

27 Characteristics of an Aquatic Biome
Have more complex and longer food chains and food webs

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29 Ocean Biomes

30 High tide Coastal Zone Open Sea Sun Low tide Sea level Photosynthesis
Euphotic Zone Estuarine Zone Continental shelf Bathyal Zone Twilight Abyssal Zone Figure 6.5 Natural capital: major life zones in an ocean (not drawn to scale). Actual depths of zones may vary. Darkness Fig. 6-5, p. 130

31 Biological Zones in the Open Sea: Light Rules
Euphotic zone: brightly lit surface layer. Nutrient levels low, dissolved O2 high, photosynthetic activity. Bathyal zone: dimly lit middle layer. No photosynthetic activity, zooplankton and fish live there and migrate to euphotic zone to feed at night. Abyssal zone: dark bottom layer. Very cold, little dissolved O2.

32 Advantages of living in the ocean

33 Physical support from water buoyancy
Organisms take advantage of water's buoyancy to transport themselves to nearby or distant habitats with little energy expenditure

34 Fairly constant temperature

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36 Nourishment from dissolved nutrients

37 Areas of pronounced upwelling
-Deep oceanic currents colliding with sharp coastal shelves Temperature differences / changes Surface Winds

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39 Water Availability Oceans cover 139,400,000 square miles of the Earth’s surface The average depth of the oceans is 12,238 feet

40 Easy dispersement of organisms, larvae and eggs
Water propulsion Water propulsion

41 Hydrofoils - use of flippers
Up/Down movement of pectoral fins

42 A big difference between fish and dolphins is that a fish's tail moves from side to side and a dolphin's moves up and down.

43 The more slender the body shape, the faster the movement

44 Advantages Less exposure to harmful radiation
Dilution and dispersion of pollutants

45 Disadvantages Can tolerate a narrow range of temperatures
Exposure to dissolved pollutants Fluctuating populations size for many species Dispersion separates many aquatic offspring from parents

46 Why are oceans important?
Covers 71-75% of earth’s surface Make up 99.5% of earth’s habitable volume Contain 250,000 known species of plant and animals Provide important and ecological and economic services

47 Ecological Services

48 Ecological Services Climate moderation Carbon dioxide absorption
Nutrient cycling Reduced storm impact (mangrove swamps, estuaries, barrier islands) Habitats and nurseries for species (shrimp, crab, oysters, clams, fish) Genetic resources and biodiversity

49 Mangrove Swamps (Forest)
Mangrove swamps are found along tropical seacoasts on both sides of the equator

50 Estuaries

51 Barrier Islands

52 Economic Services

53 Food

54 Pharmaceuticals Algae: Astaxanthin is a powerful
natural antioxidant / dietary supplement

55 Transportation Ocean transport is the backbone of internal trade

56 Coastal Habitats and Employment for Humans

57 Recreation

58 Offshore Oil and Natural Gas / Minerals

59 Coastal Zones

60 What is a coastal zone? The coastal zone is the warm, nutrient rich, shallow water from high tide area on land to the edge of the continental shelf. Contains 90% of all marine species Site of most commercial fisheries Ample supply of sunlight and nutrients

61 Estuaries / Coastal Wetlands
Part of coastal zone Brackish (mixture of salt and freshwater) Usually due to the movement of the tides Salinity and temperature vary due to Daily tides Seasonal variations and its affect of water flow Unpredictable flows of water from flooding or storms Constant movement of nutrients due to flow of water

62 Estuaries / Coastal Wetlands
Covered with water all or part of the year River mouths (delta’s) Inlets Bays Sounds Mangrove forest swamps Salt marshes

63 Major life zones in an ocean

64 Continental Rise

65 Oceans

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