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Published byEmil Jeffery Craig Modified over 9 years ago
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Pseudotumors and cysts Jan Laco, M.D., Ph.D.
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Causes of swellings of jaws Cysts –odontogenic x non-odontogenic Odontogenic tumors Giant cell lesions Fibro-osseous lesions Non-odontogenic tumors of bone Metastatic tumors Chronic osteomyelitis
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Cysts of jaws = pathological cavity lined by epithelium RTG: sharply-defined lucencies ? fluid slowly growth teeth displacement asymptomatic x infection painfull rarely: pathological fracture
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Cysts of jaws Odontogenic –developmental dentigerous eruption gingival lateral periodontal odontogenic keratocyst calcifying odontogenic cyst –inflammatory radicular paradental
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Cysts of jaws Non-odontogenic –nasopalatine duct –nasolabial Pseudocysts –solitary bone cyst –aneurysmal bone cyst
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Cysts of jaws – frequency (%) 1. radicular 65-70 2. dentigerous 15-50 3. keratocyst 3-5 4. nasopalatine 5-10
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Odontogenic cysts – radicular cyst common swelling of jaws and cyst males (M : F … 3 : 2) 20 - 60 years maxilla : mandible … 3 : 1 painless sweeling enucleation
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Odontogenic cysts – radicular cyst relationship to root of dead tooth pulpitis periapical granuloma proliferation of Malassez rests Mi: hyperplastic squamous epithelium (net-like) + hyaline (Rushton) bodies wall: granulation tissue + fibrous tissue mixed inflammation hemosiderin, cholesterol clefts
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Odontogenic cysts – residual cyst = radicular cyst persisting after extraction - spontaneous regress lateral radicular cyst –at side of nonvital tooth –lateral branch of root canal –enucleation
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Odontogenic cysts – paradental cyst inflammation around partially erupted tooth lower 3. M males, 20 - 25 years vital tooth with pericoronitis Mi: ~ radicular cyst enucleation
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Odontogenic cysts – dentigerous cyst cystic change of enamel organ after complete enamel formation surrounds crown + attached to tooth neck at amelo-cemental junction crown inside (RTG) M : F … 2 : 1 20 - 50 years 3. M, C prevents eruption Mi: thin squamous epithelium fibrous wall with scanty inflammation
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Odontogenic cysts – eruption cyst in soft tissue over tooth about to erupt from enamel organ (superficial dent. cyst) children teeth with no predecessors soft bluish swelling in gingiva spontaneously disappear
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Odontogenic cysts – gingival cysts newborn (Bohn´s nodules) > 80% gingiva - proliferation of Serres nests midline of palate (Epstein pearls) spontaneously resolve adults - rare
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Odontogenic cysts – lateral periodontal cyst uncommon cyst beside vital tooth botryoid odontogenic cyst –lower P and C –> 50 years –Mi: multilocular cyst with fibrous septa squamous epithelium + clear cells (glycogen) –recurrency glandular odontogenic cyst –Mi: mucous cells –recurrency
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Odontogenic cysts odontogenic keratocyst keratocystic odontogenic tumor calcifying odontogenic cyst calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor
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Odontogenic cysts – odontogenic keratocyst uncommon from enamel organ before tooth formation (20 – 30) + (50 – 70) years mandible angle extending in finger-like fashion in bone marrow spaces asymptomatic RTG: multilocular
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Odontogenic cysts – odontogenic keratocyst Mi: squamous epithelium - basal layer (mitoses) - thin wavy para- keratotic layer - folded cyst lining wall - scanty inflammation complete enucleation - difficult 60% recurrency in first 5 years !!!
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Odontogenic cysts – odontogenic keratocyst Gorlin-Goltz syndrome = multiple keratocysts + multiple naevoid basal cell carcinomas of skin
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Odontogenic cysts – calcifying odontogenic cyst Gorlin´s anterior parts of jaws RTG: cystic cavity + calcifications Mi: ameloblastoma-like epithelium ghost cells – large, pale, outlines of nucleus calcification + odontomas (10% cases) enucleation recurrency
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Odontogenic cysts wall thickening –cholesterol clefts –carcinoma –ameloblastoma
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Odontogenic cysts biopsy practice nonspecific findings – inflammation X odontogenic keratocyst X calcifying odontogenic cyst X unicystic ameloblastoma
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Non-odontogenic cysts – nasopalatine duct cyst uncommon from nasopalatine duct epithelium midline of palate position variants (to incisive canal) –nasopalatine –palatine papilla –median alveolar Mi: squamous + respiratory epithelium wall: mucous glands + neurovascular bundle enucleation
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Non-odontogenic cysts – nasolabial cyst = Klestadt´s, nasoalveolar very uncommon from remnants of nasolacrimal duct in soft tissue deep in nasolabial fold excision
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Cysts of soft tissues thyroglossal duct cyst lymphoepithelial cyst lingual dermoid mucocele
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Cysts of soft tissues - thyroglossal duct cyst uncommom from remnants of any part of thyroglossal duct early age swelling in midline of mouth or neck Mi: squamous + respiratory epithelium wall: thyroid tissue, chronic inflammation removal + part of hyoid bone
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Cysts of soft tissues - lymphoepithelial cyst branchiogenic cyst ??? cystic change of epithelium entrapped in LN early age lateral part of neck + mandible angle + parotid soft swelling fistula to skin / oral cavity / pharynx Mi: squamous + respiratory epithelium wall: dense lymphoid tissue + germ centres enucleation
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Cysts of soft tissues - sublingual dermoid developmental anomaly of branchial arches or pharyngeal pouches between hyoid and jaws or beneath tongue no symptoms Mi: epidermoid cyst dermoid cyst – dermal appendages dissection
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Cysts of soft tissues - mucoceles minor salivary glands lower lip superficial, 1 cm swellings extravasation type – damage of duct –saliva leak inflammation + mucophages –NO epithelium mucofagic granuloma retention type – obstruction of duct –epithelium of dilated duct
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Cysts of soft tissues - mucoceles ranula = mucocele of submandibular or sublingual gland unilateral painless swelling, 2-3 cm floor of mouth
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