1. 1Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY ON AIRCRAFT

2. 2Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Basic kit for the IRT control Measurement chain 1- IR camera 2 – control panel of the camera 3 – Direct view on the screen 4 – Signal processing of the acquisition INSTRUMENTATION

3. 3Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Instrumentation used in IRT Choice of the camera : Multiple use of the detector : IR night vision, thermal control of active sources, military application, …. Thermal sensitivity : (0,1° till 0,01°C) Acquisition frequency (25 till 300 image/s) Line acquisition mode or Focal Plane Array (FPA)

4. 4Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Instrumentation used in IRT Heating choices : Different techniques : hot air blower, tubes, flash lamps, hot water, pulsed heating, laser, sun for space shuttle, heating blanckets Surface heating or linear heating Homogeneity, reproductibility, calibration, characterization

5. 5Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control IRT CONTROL ON COMPOSITE transmission technique : 14 mm carbon rubber

6. 6Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control IRT CONTROL ON COMPOSITE Reflexion technique : Emitted Heat Reflected Heat Absorbed Heat TT With defect Without defect 14 mm carbon rubber THERMOGRAM

7. 7Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Temperature variation in a point Reflexion technique : Transmission technique : heating T° time heating T° time Without defect With defect (isolation)

8. 8Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Thermographic Inspection Advantages of the method : Global examination of part Only ONE SIDE access is required for the examination Real Time inspection Apply for all composite structure and materials even porous not very sensitive to part geometry, well suited for large surfaces Disavantages : Sensitive to heating mode (type,duration,position) Response time must be studied Exact composition of the pieces and the thicknesses must be known Less definition than Ultrasonic C-Scan and Radiography Inhomogeneous heating on complex part

9. 9Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control DEFECTS ENCOUNTERED Lack of adhesion of cohesion, bubbles Delamination Defects on surface coatings Inclusions of foreign materials Liquid ingress

10. 10Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Pulse heating method Detection of defects inside a honeycomb composite part Reflexion method Heating pulse : 0.1 sec

11. 11Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Pulse method – reflexion inspection on part M88 7 defects visible Contrast is decreasing after optimum image Picture of partFirst imageHeated part at T0 Optimum image5 Sec after 10 sec after 12 345

12. 12Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control 7 defects are detected Transmission face 1 Defects seen as dark spots Reflexion face 1 Reflexion face 2 Transmission Vs Reflexion method

13. 13Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Modulated thermography 440 mm 370 mm carbon 14 mm Test sample, composite bonding Carbon/Elastomer rubber

14. 14Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Phase Image Amplitude image Method : reflexion heating, rubber side Frequency : 0.006 Hz Modulation : 1000 images Modulated thermography

15. 15Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Method : transmission heating, rubber side Frequency : 0.003 Hz Modulation : 1000 images Phase image Amplitude image Modulated thermography

16. 16Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Disbonded area A A Cross section AA rubber aluminium kevlar bonding Modulated thermography Test sample, composite bonding Metal/Elastomer/Kevlar

17. 17Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Phase image Amplitude Image Modulated thermography Method : transmission heating, kevlar side Frequency : 0.006 Hz Modulation : 3000 images

18. 18Xxxxxx Titre xxxx © NDT expert © NDT expert - The ultimate control Conclusions Global method, quick, well suited for detection on composite and complex shaped surface, and for large areas Easy to set up on site (maintenance, expertise, production control) Quick evolution of the technology, lower price of detectors, new powerfull software for analysis tools will increase : maximum inspected thickness spatial and thermal resolution velocity of inspection