1. Calibration

2. Calibration Challenge #1 A label may call for 1 pint of pesticide to be applied over an entire acre (1 pint per acre). An acre is 43,560 ft 2. (208 ¾ ft x 208 ¾ ft) Some labels call for as little as ½ or 1/10 of an ounce of dry material (WPs) per acre. How can this be done?

3. Dilution is the Solution Its easier to spread 20 gallons of water (with 1 pint added) over 1 acre than it is to spread 1 pint by itself. The goal……. –Find out how many gallons it takes your sprayer to cover one acre

4. Calibration Dilemma #2 How much pesticide do I add to the tank? You will need to know: –How many gallons it takes your sprayer to cover one acre…..Gallons per acre or GPA ? –How many acres you can spray with a certain volume? –What is the labeled rate of the pesticide? –Make the dose calculation (how much do I add to the tank)

5. Calibration Tip Keep everything constant. When you are field spraying, use the same speed, sprayer pressure and nozzle type as you did when you calibrated. Keep a calibration log.

6. Checking your Field Speed Set out a 200 foot course. Drive the course at a comfortable and practical field speed. Use this formula to double check your speed MPH = 136.4 Ex: 136.4 = 5 MPH Time* 27 sec. * Time = seconds it took to drive the course

7. Determining GPA 3 methods Calibration Strip Method –Preferred –Most accurate 5940 Method 128 th acre method

8. But first…. Determining GPA with a backpack or hand sprayer 18 ½ feet 1 8 ½ feet Measure out an 18 ½ by 18 ½ foot square in an area similar to what you will spray

9. Backpack - GPA 1.18 ½ x 18 ½ foot square 2.Spray & time yourself 3.Spray into bucket for same time and using same pressure. 4.Collect in Ounces 5.Ounces = GPA 6.Why does this work? 18 ½ x 18 ½ feet = 342 ft 2 which is 128 th of an acre There are 128 ounces in a gallon

10. Backpack GPA Example Sprayed calibration square and it took 45 seconds Sprayed into bucket for 45 seconds and collected 64 ounces GPA = 64

11. Calibration Strip Method Take a small area and relate it to an acre Need to know area of calibration test strip (in acres). One acre = 43,560 ft 2 Amount of liquid sprayed over strip Remember: G--- gallons applied per strip P divided by A --- acres in test strip = GALLONS PER ACRE

12. Calibration Strip Method Example: Calibration strip is 66 feet x 66 feet or 4,356 ft 2  43,560 ft 2 = 0.10 acres 3 gallons applied per strip 3 gal/strip  0.10 acres = 30 GPA

13. Boom Sprayers No matter what method of calibration is used, you need to…. –check nozzle spacing –check output across the boom.

14. Checking Nozzle Spacing & Height

15. Nozzle Orientation

16. Nozzle output

17. Checking Nozzle Output

18. 20” Remember! Check Nozzle Spacing Then……

19. Nozzle 1 Nozzle 2 Nozzle 3 51 oz 50 oz 42 oz Check Nozzle Output For a Given Amount of Time! (usually 1 minute) Nozzle 1 = 51 oz Nozzle 2 = 50 oz Nozzle 3 = 42 oz 143 oz ÷ 3 = 48 oz. (average)

20. Checking Nozzle Output The average of all the nozzles is 48 oz. This is the benchmark you use to determine which nozzles need to be replaced or cleaned. A 5% error on either side of the average is commonly used.

21. Calibration Tip To find 5% –Find your average… 48 oz –Move the decimal place one space to the left. 48. = 4.8 This is a 10% error –Divide by 2 = 2.4. This is 5% error –Now add 2.4 to 48 for +5% –Subtract 2.4 from 48 for – 5% –Error range = 45.6 50.4 –Any nozzle output between 45.6 and 50.4 is OK!

22. Boom Sprayer Calibration Strip Method Need swath width (W) x Course length (L) Gives you sq. ft (ft 2 ) of the test strip Find acreage of the test strip (test strip ft 2  43,560 ft 2 ) Find liquid applied per strip (gallons) Use simple math Gallons applied per strip = GPA Test strip in Acres Keep going for example

23. Using test strip

24. Collect from each nozzle using test strip time. Or you can refill the sprayer and note how many gallons it took

25. Figure your GPA Example: –Swath width is 35 ft –Course length is 200 ft –Calibration strip = 7,000 ft 2 (35 x 200) –Test strip is 0.16 acres (7000 ÷ 43560) –You collect from all the nozzles or refill the tank 4 gallons is collected –4 gallons ÷ 0.16 acres = 25 acres

26. Broadjet 34 1003400 = 0.078 acres 43560 0.5 g in 13 sec. 0.5 g  0.078 acres = 6.4 GPA

28. 5940 Method Based on nozzle output within 5% of the average. Not only gives you GPA but also how much you need to collect from under each nozzle to reach a desired GPA. Uses the following basic formula:

29. GPA = GPM X 5940 MPH X W GPA = Gallons Per Acre GPM = Gallons per Minute collected from a single nozzle (Make sure all nozzle are within a 5% range.) 5940 is a constant MPH = Field Speed W = 1) width between nozzles or 2) width of a broadjet swath in inches.

30. 5940 Example You have checked all your nozzles and the average is 64 ounces per minute (OPM). All nozzles are within 5% of this average. 64 OPM = 0.5 GPM (64 ounces ÷ 128 oz./gallon) Your field speed is 5 MPH Your nozzles are spaced 20” apart GPA = GPM X 5940 = 0.5 GPM x 5940 = 2970 MPH X W5 MPH x 20 100 GPA = 29.70 or 30 GPA

31. Using 5940 to find out how much you need to collect to get a certain GPA! Rearrange the basic formula to look like this: GPM = GPA x MPH x W 5940

32. 5940 Example #2 You want to apply 20 GPA.Your broadjet has a swath of 35 feet. Your field speed is 5 MPH GPM = GPA x MPH x W 5940 GPM = 20 GPA x 5 MPH x 420 (35 ft x 12”) 5940 7 GPM = 42,000 5940 You need to collect 7 GPM to get 20 GPA

33. Boom Sprayer GPA 128 th Acre Method Measure distance between nozzles. Use chart for test course distance. Nozzle output must be close to uniform Ounces collected from one nozzle = GPA Nozzle spacing (in.) Test Strip (ft) 20204 * * 340 ÷ spacing (ft) 30136 36113 38107 40102

34. Broadjet -= 128 th Acre Method Measure swath width Set calibration course Swath width Course length 35 156 * *5460 ÷ W (ft) 40136 45121 Time yourself Collect for same time Pints collected = GPA

35. Boom Output and GPA Using the 128 th method you get: 15 ounces = 15 GPA Check the label May be too low.

36. How many acres can you spray. Volume used = Acres GPA

37. How many acres can you spray - Example Have a 1000 gallon tank. Only want to apply 500 gallons. GPA = 25 500 gallons = 20 acres 25 GPA Backpack 5 gallons = 0.078 acres 64 GPA

38. Acres - Example 2 Suppose you only want to spray 10 acres. GPA = 25 (25 GPA) Now just back-multiply…. Gallons??? = 10 acres 25 GPA 25 GPA x 10 acres = 250 gallons of total mix is needed (pesticide and water)

39. Dosage Determination Listed rate per acre …Read the label Lbs. of a.i. per acre –Liquid –% W.P.

40. Listed Rate Per Acre Acres x labeled rate = dose 10 acres x 1 pint/acre = 10 pints in a given volume – 300 gallon mix = 10 acres 30 GPA –10 acres x 1 pint/acre = 10 pints –10 pints of product to make a 300 gallon mix.

41. Pounds per Acre - Liquid Example – 1 lb of a.i. is recommended per acre 1 gal. Formulation x 1 lb a.i = 0.5 x 1 = 0.5 gal formulation/acre 2 lb a.i. Acre Rate = 1 = 0.5 gallons formulation/acre Lbs. a.i./gallon 2

42. Dry Formulations 2 lbs per acre of an 80% WP is prescribed 1 lb formulation x 2 lb a.i. = 2.5 lbs formulation/acre 0.80 lb a.i. Acre Rate per acre = 2 lb a.i. = 2.5 lbs % a.i. 0.80

43. How much product to add to tank. Rate/acres x acres treated Example: 1 pt/acre x 10 acres = 10 pints. Backpack 0.078 acres x 16 oz. = 1.2 oz.