1. Unit VI: Cell Growth and Division
Making more cells, making sex cells, and the problems that can occur

2. Organisms grow because they __________________
A. Limits to Cell Growth
Organisms grow because they __________________
The elephant is larger because it has more cells
1. The larger the cell the ________________________
DNA ____________ cell activities
In large cells  unable to keep up with the need of
information
2. The larger the cell the ________________________________________
The exchange of materials depends upon _________________
The rate at which nutrients are used up and wastes are made depends
upon the cells volume (what is happening inside)
_____________________________

3. B. Cell Division Reduces volume increase ratio of surface area: volume
_____________________
Reduces volume
increase ratio of surface area: volume
1. Chromosomes
made of ________  carry genetic information
human cells – 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
___________________ _________________
usually chromosomes are in the form of chromatin
during cell division chromatin condenses and becomes
visible chromosomes
2 identical sister chromatids
connected with a centromere

5. 2. The Cell Cycle
The cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into daughter cells

6. 3. Mitosis
4. Meiosis
There are two different types of cell divisions for two different purposes
Mitosis and Meiosis are very similar processes but with some major differences
Mitosis is used for ________________________________ the organism. In some organisms it is used for ___________ __________________
Meiosis is only used to ______________________ (sex cells) used in the process of __________________

7. Mitosis Meiosis Prophase I Prophase
- _____________ condenses into _____________ (become visible)
- centrioles separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
- centrioles form ____________
*in plants – no centrioles,
spindle forms from ________ in
the cytoplasm
- nuclear membrane __________
_____
____________
= pairing of homologous chromosomes
chromosome + copy + homologous + copy
total of 4 chromosomes = ____________

8. Mitosis Meiosis Metaphase I Metaphase - Tetrads line up
in the middle
- _______________ = homologous chromosomes switch pieces
“new combinations
of alleles” 
___________
- chromosomes line up in the _________________
- chromosomes attach to spindle at their ______________

9. Mitosis Meiosis Anaphase I Anaphase - ___________________
- Chromosomes separate
- _________________ apart – migrate towards the centrioles
- in late anaphase ______________ starts
_____________ = tetrads separate
and migrate to
opposite sides
of the cell

10. Mitosis Meiosis Telophase I Telophase
- chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell (poles)
- chromosomes unravel
- nuclear membrane reforms
- ___________ finishes
Daughter cells
are __________
___________t
2 new _________ ___________ daughter cells are formed
Mitosis is done
Restarts the cell cycle
Cells take a brief rest and then start the next division

11. Meiosis - The process starts again but with ____________
*remember mitosis is done
This is the 2nd division of meiosis
Meiosis
Prophase II
- The process starts again but with ____________
- ________________________
- Chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles migrate, and spindle starts to form

12. Meiosis - Chromosomes line up in the middle
*remember mitosis is done
This is the 2nd division of meiosis
Meiosis
Metaphase II
- Chromosomes line up in the middle
- __________________________
- Centromeres replicate so chromatids can separate

13. Meiosis - Chromatids separate and migrate
*remember mitosis is done
This is the 2nd division of meiosis
Meiosis
Anaphase II
- Chromatids separate and migrate
Single pieces – not homologous pairs
- Cytokinesis starts to separate the cytoplasm

14. Meiosis - Nuclear membrane reforms
*remember mitosis is done
This is the 2nd division of meiosis
Meiosis
Telophase II
- Nuclear membrane reforms
- ___________________________ 1 Cell  4 cells
- Each has ___________________________ as the original
parent cell
- _______  _______ ________  __________
- The distribution of homologous chromosomes is _________  thus _______________ frequently occurs

15. Mitosis Meiosis 5. Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis vs Meiosis
Type of Cells
# of Daughter Cells
Chromosome #
# of Divisions
Homologous Pairing
Crossing Over
Compare DNA
Type of Reproduction

16. C. Uncontrolled Cell Growth
________________ = cells lose ability to control mitosis
Form masses of cells = _________________
__________________ = cancer cells break loose and spread inside the body
Genetic and Environmental Links

17. D. ______________ Humans are created from 1 single fertilized cell
Every cell in the body has the ______
____________________________
Cells ______________ and become all types of cells
Specialized cells only use certain _____________________
Once cells are specialized they can’t go back
Stem cells are cells that can become all different cells
Stem cells come from embryos? ? ?

18. E. Gamete Formation
_____________ = sex cell
Sex cell = ____________ and ___________ (in plants pollen and ovum)
Happens by ___________  reduces the number
of chromosomes so offspring don’t have extra
chromosomes

20. Mitosis Meiosis Questions
How does the number of daughter cells produced from mitosis and meiosis differ?
How does the ploidy of the daughter cells produced from mitosis and meiosis differ?
Do the daughter cells produced from mitosis contain identical genetic complements?
Do any of the daughter cells produced from meiosis contain identical genetic complements?
When do the homologous chromosomes separate during mitosis?
When do the homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis?
When do sister chromatids separate during mitosis?
When do sister chromatids separate during meiosis?